Sedum, containing approximately 470 species, is by far the largest genus of Crassulaceae. Three decades of molecular phylogenetic work have provided evidence for the non‐monophyly of Sedum and many more of the 30 genera of Crassulaceae subfam. Sempervivoideae. In this study, we present a broadly sampled and dated molecular phylogeny of Sempervivoideae including 80% of all infrageneric taxa described in Sedum as well as most other genera of the subfamily. We used sequences of one nuclear (ITS) and three plastid markers (matK, rps16, trnL‐trnF). The five major lineages of Sempervivoideae (i.e., Telephium clade, Petrosedum clade, Sempervivum/Jovibarba, Aeonium clade, Leucosedum plus Acre clades) were resolved as successive sister to each other in the phylogenetic analysis of the plastid markers, while in the ITS phylogeny the Petrosedum clade is the closest relative of the Aeonium clade. Our dating analysis of ITS suggests that Sempervivoideae diversified rapidly throughout the Paleocene and Eocene, possibly in the area of the former Tethys and Paratethys archipelago. A biogeographic pattern emerges in which migration out of this ancestral area is linked to pronounced morphological evolution resulting in several distinct lineages recognized as segregate genera thought to be derived from Sedum. These segregate genera, however, have been defined on the basis of strongly homoplasious characters such as degree of petal fusion, petal colouration or flower merism. Moreover, all character states currently used for the delimitation of segregate genera seem to be homoplasious, and each of them can be found in at least one species of Sedum. Extensive literature work led to the conclusion that only few of the monophyletic clades found by us can be defined unambiguously by morphological characters. Mainly for these two reasons, we believe that combination of all 14 genera currently recognized in tribe Sedeae (= clades Leucosedum plus Acre) into Sedum might be the most stable solution of the “Sedum problem”. This new Sedum s.l. would then comprise approximately 755 species.

中文翻译：

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Linnaeus的愚蠢–景天科（景天科）和景天科亚科Sempervivoideae的系统发育，进化和分类

景天属大约有470种，是景天科的最大属。三十年来的分子系统发育研究为景天属的非单生性以及景天科亚属的30个属中的更多属提供了证据。兴旺科。在这项研究中，我们介绍了Sempervivoideae科的广泛采样和过时的分子系统发育，包括景天以及该亚科的大多数其他属中所有下属分类单元的80％。我们使用了一个核（ITS）和三个质体标记（matK，rps16，trnL-trnF）的序列。Sempervivoideae的五个主要谱系（即，Telephium进化枝，Petrosedum进化枝，Sempervivum / Jovibarba在质体标记的系统发育分析中，Aeonium进化枝，Leucosedum和Acre进化枝被解析为彼此的连续姐妹，而在ITS系统发育分析中，Petrosedum进化枝是Aeonium进化枝的最亲近亲戚。我们对ITS的定年分析表明，Sempervivoideae在整个古新世和始新世迅速多样化，可能在前特提斯和帕拉特斯群岛地区。出现了一种生物地理模式，其中从祖传区的迁徙与明显的形态演化有关，导致了几个不同的谱系，这些谱系被认为是分离的，被认为是源自景天属。。但是，这些分离的属是根据强烈的同质性特征（如花瓣融合程度，花瓣着色或花色系）定义的。此外，当前用于分隔属的所有字符状态似乎都是同质的，并且它们中的每一个都可以在至少一种景天属中找到。大量的文献工作得出的结论是，我们发现的仅有的单系进化枝可以通过形态特征明确地定义。主要由于这两个原因，我们认为当前在部落Sedeae中识别的14个属（= Leucosedum和Acre进化枝）合并到Sedum中可能是“ Sedum问题”的最稳定解决方案。这个新景天 那么，s1将包括大约755个物种。