The narrow‐leafed lupin, Lupinus angustifolius L., is a grain legume crop, cultivated both as a green manure and as a source of protein for animal feed and human food production. During its domestication process, numerous agronomic traits were improved, however, only two trait‐related genes were identified hitherto, both by linkage mapping. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), exploiting genomic sequencing, did not select any novel candidate gene. In the present study, an innovative method of 3′‐end reduced representation transcriptomic profiling, a massive analysis of cDNA ends, has been used for genotyping of 126 L. angustifolius lines surveyed by field phenotyping. Significant genotype × environment interactions were identified for all phenology and yield traits analysed. Principal component analysis of population structure evidenced European domestication bottlenecks, visualized by clustering of breeding materials and cultivars. GWAS provided contribution towards deciphering vernalization pathway in legumes, and, apart from highlighting known domestication loci (Ku/Julius and mol), designated novel candidate genes for L. angustifolius traits. Early phenology was associated with genes from vernalization, cold‐responsiveness and phosphatidylinositol signalling pathways whereas high yield with genes controlling photosynthesis performance and abiotic stress (drought or heat) tolerance. PCR‐based toolbox was developed and validated to enable tracking desired alleles in marker‐assisted selection. Narrow‐leafed lupin was genotyped with an innovative method of transcriptome profiling and phenotyped for phenology, growth and yield traits in field. Early phenology was found associated with genes from cold‐response, vernalization and phosphatidylinositol signalling pathways, whereas high yield with genes running photosystem II and drought or heat stress response. Key loci were supplied with PCR‐based toolbox for marker‐assisted selection.

中文翻译：

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创新的基于转录组的基因分型突出了非模型谷物豆科植物的物候，生长和产量方面的环境响应基因。

窄叶羽扇豆羽扇豆（Lupinus angustifolius L.）是一种豆类作物，既用作绿肥，又用作动物饲料和人类食品生产的蛋白质来源。在其驯化过程中，许多农艺性状得到了改善，但是迄今为止，仅通过连锁作图鉴定出了两个与性状相关的基因。利用基因组测序的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）没有选择任何新的候选基因。在本研究中，一种创新的3'端减少的代表性转录组谱分析方法，即对cDNA末端的大量分析，已被用于126 L. angustifolius的基因分型。通过现场表型调查的品系。在分析的所有物候和产量性状上，均确定了重要的基因型×环境相互作用。种群结构的主成分分析证明了欧洲驯化的瓶颈，这通过种育材料和品种的聚类来可视化。GWAS为破译豆科植物的春化途径提供了贡献，并且除了突出了已知的驯化位点（Ku / Julius和mol）外，还指定了新的古铜色候选基因。特质。早期物候与来自春化，冷应答和磷脂酰肌醇信号通路的基因有关，而控制光合作用性能和非生物胁迫（干旱或高温）耐受性的基因则高产。开发并验证了基于PCR的工具箱，可在标记辅助选择中跟踪所需的等位基因。利用创新的转录组分析方法对窄叶羽扇豆进行基因分型，并根据田间的物候，生长和产量性状对表型进行分型。发现早期物候与来自冷应答，春化和磷脂酰肌醇信号通路的基因有关，而运行光系统II和干旱或热应激反应的基因则高产。关键基因座随基于PCR的工具箱一起提供，用于标记辅助选择。