The application of a functional trait-based approach to ecological restoration is receiving growing attention worldwide, but lack of knowledge on functional traits and how they link to ecosystem services imposes a major barrier to operationalize such approach. Synthesizing the existing knowledge on functional trait-based restoration is thus a timely and important challenge. We systematically reviewed the literature to assess how ecosystem services are associated to functional traits across organisms, ecosystem types, and continents. We also assessed the existing trait-based frameworks to target ecosystem services in restoration ecology. Then, we discussed future perspectives for the field, especially the challenges of applying trait-based frameworks in megadiverse tropical ecosystems, which have ambitious restoration commitments. Most papers focused on plants (72%), terrestrial habitats (69%), and non-tropical ecosystems (68%) and monitored ecosystem services and functional traits after restoration started rather than using them as previous targets. Only 12% of the papers targeted the restoration of both services and traits a priori, and 3.8% presented a clear trait-based framework to target ecosystem services in restoration. The possibility of selecting alternative subsets of complementary species in their provisioning of ecosystem services should make functional restorationmore feasible than traditional approaches in species-rich tropical ecosystems.With this review and our critical insights on the perspectives of applying functional trait-based restoration widely, we hope to assist broad-scale restoration programs to obtain higher levels of benefits for nature and humanwell-being per unit of area undergoing restoration, going beyond the areabased approach that has dominated restoration commitments.

中文翻译：

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生态修复中的功能性状与生态系统服务

基于功能性状的生态恢复方法的应用在全球范围内受到越来越多的关注，但缺乏对功能性状及其与生态系统服务的联系的知识，这是实施这种方法的主要障碍。因此，综合基于功能特征的恢复的现有知识是一项及时而重要的挑战。我们系统地回顾了文献，以评估生态系统服务如何与生物、生态系统类型和大陆的功能特征相关联。我们还评估了现有的基于特征的框架，以针对恢复生态学中的生态系统服务。然后，我们讨论了该领域的未来前景，尤其是在具有雄心勃勃的恢复承诺的大型多样化热带生态系统中应用基于特征的框架的挑战。大多数论文侧重于植物（72%）、陆地栖息地（69%）和非热带生态系统（68%），并在恢复开始后监测生态系统服务和功能特征，而不是将它们用作以前的目标。只有 12% 的论文针对先验的服务和特征的恢复，3.8% 提出了一个明确的基于特征的框架，以恢复生态系统服务为目标。在提供生态系统服务时选择互补物种的替代子集的可能性应该使功能恢复比物种丰富的热带生态系统中的传统方法更可行。 通过这篇综述和我们对广泛应用基于功能性状的恢复的观点的批判性见解，