Aortic dissection (AD) is the rupture of the aortic intima, causing the blood in the cavity to enter the middle of the arterial wall. Without urgent and proper treatment, the mortality rate increases to 50% within 48 hours. Most patients present with acute onset of symptoms, including sudden severe pain and complex and variable clinical manifestations, which can be easily misdiagnosed. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms underlying AD are still unknown. Recently, non‐coding RNAs have emerged as novel regulators of gene expression. Previous studies have proven that ncRNAs can regulate several cardiovascular diseases; therefore, their potential as clinical biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for AD has aroused widespread interest. To date, several studies have reported that microRNAs are crucially involved in AD progression. Additionally, several long non‐coding RNAs and circular RNAs have been found to be differentially expressed in AD samples, suggesting their potential roles in vascular physiology and disease. In this review, we discuss the functions of ncRNAs in AD pathophysiology and highlight their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD. Meanwhile, we present the animal models previously used for AD research, as well as the specific methods for constructing mouse or rat AD models.

中文翻译：

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主动脉夹层中的非编码RNA：从生物标记物到治疗靶标。

主动脉夹层（AD）是主动脉内膜的破裂，导致腔内的血液进入动脉壁的中部。没有紧急和适当的治疗，死亡率会在48小时内增加到50％。大多数患者表现出急性症状，包括突然的剧烈疼痛和复杂多变的临床表现，这些症状很容易被误诊。尽管如此，AD的分子机制仍然未知。最近，非编码RNA逐渐成为基因表达的新型调节剂。先前的研究证明ncRNA可以调节多种心血管疾病。因此，它们作为AD的临床生物标志物和新型治疗靶标的潜力引起了广泛的关注。迄今为止，几项研究报道了microRNA在AD进展中至关重要。另外，已经发现几种长的非编码RNA和环状RNA在AD样品中差异表达，表明它们在血管生理和疾病中的潜在作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了ncRNA在AD病理生理中的功能，并强调了它们作为AD的生物标志物和治疗靶标的潜力。同时，我们介绍了以前用于AD研究的动物模型，以及用于构建小鼠或大鼠AD模型的特定方法。