Land-cover degradation affects the ability of forests to provide water ecosystem services (ESw). This study explores the forest-water nexus and provides an overview of the water management related to potential hydrological impacts of land-use and land-cover change in the Río Grande de Comitán-Lagos de Montebello watershed in southeastern Mexico. A combination of methods recommended by the Toolkit for Ecosystem Service Site-based Assessment (TESSA), as well as scenario modelling based on an ecological index of riparian quality, were used to assess how alternative reforestation or deforestation scenarios can affect water provision and water quality at different scales. The results indicate that water quality is positively related to forest cover. The effects of terrain and forest-cover conditions on fog inputs and actual evapotranspiration were relevant to increase the water yield under reforestation scenarios. However, strategies for improving the efficient consumption of both green and blue water resources must be considered at a local scale. Deteriorated ESw are also related to inadequate management of water resources in the study area, so water security for local populations requires land-use policies that should consider forest-based solutions, sustainable agricultural practices, and the development of efficient distribution networks for water.

土地覆盖退化影响森林提供水生态系统服务的能力。这项研究探索了森林与水之间的联系，并概述了与墨西哥东南部里米德-科米坦-拉各斯-德蒙贝洛流域的土地利用和土地覆盖变化的潜在水文影响有关的水管理。结合生态系统服务用地评估工具包（TESSA）推荐的方法，以及基于河岸质量生态指数的情景模型，来评估替代性造林或毁林情景如何影响水供应和水质在不同的规模。结果表明，水质与森林覆盖率呈正相关。在重新造林的情况下，地形和森林覆盖条件对雾输入和实际蒸散量的影响与增加水的产量有关。然而，改善两者有效消费的策略必须在本地范围内考虑绿色和蓝色水资源。ESw恶化还与研究区域水资源管理不当有关，因此，当地人口的水安全需要土地使用政策，该政策应考虑基于森林的解决方案，可持续的农业实践以及有效的水分配网络的发展。