Abstract Most snow games at the 2022 Winter Olympics will be held in Chongli, where the lowest temperature is predicted to reach −15 °C or even lower, according to the historical temperature data from the past ten years. Thus, audiences watching games in open-air venues might suffer from this extremely cold environment. In this study, basic analyses on the body thermal comfort of the standing people were conducted at a mean temperature of −13.8 °C in a cryogenic chamber, and the effectiveness of local heating measures for the feet, hands, and back that could be adopted to standing audience was evaluated. Eight male subjects participated in the experiment; subjective evaluations were performed, and the physiological parameters and energy consumption of the heating equipment were recorded. The results show that heating insoles (43.9–48.9 °C), heating railings with armrests (54 W, for two hands), and backrests (82 W) significantly improve the overall and local thermal comfort of the subjects.

中文翻译：

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局部供暖对极寒环境下站立人热舒适性的影响

摘要 2022年冬奥会大部分雪地比赛将在崇礼举行，根据过去十年的历史气温数据，这里的最低气温预计将达到-15°C甚至更低。因此，在露天场地观看比赛的观众可能会受到这种极冷环境的影响。本研究在平均温度为-13.8℃的低温室中对站立人的身体热舒适度进行了基本分析，以及可采取的足部、手部和背部局部加热措施的有效性对站立的观众进行了评价。八名男性受试者参加了实验；进行主观评价，记录加热设备的生理参数和能耗。结果表明，加热鞋垫（43.9–48.9 °C），