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Measurement and analysis of air quality in temporary shelters on three continents
Building and Environment ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107259
D. Albadra , N. Kuchai , A. Acevedo-De-los-Ríos , D. Rondinel-Oviedo , D. Coley , C.F. da Silva , C. Rana , K. Mower , A. Dengel , D. Maskell , R.J. Ball

Abstract Millions of displaced people are housed in shelters that generally consist of a single room, meaning that activities including cooking, sleeping and socializing all take place in the same space. Therefore, indoor air quality can be poor, resulting in estimated 20,000 displaced people dying prematurely every year. Very few studies considered the issue and all within one country. This paper describes the first comprehensive study investigating air quality in shelters by looking at Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Particulate Matter (PM), and CO2 in ten locations within Peru, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Jordan, Turkey and Bangladesh. It has the aim of: (i) discovering how widespread the issue is, (ii) identifying some of the causes, (iii) whether it is linked to cultural and behavioural factors, (iv) location and climate, or (v) shelters’ materials or design. Results revealed very harmful levels of pollutants that are often linked to excess mortality - with total VOC concentrations as high as 102400 μgm−3 and PM over 3000 μgm−3. The reasons for these concentrations were complex, multifaceted and setting-specific. However, it was an issue in both simple self-built shelters and mass-manufactured designs, and across all climates and cultures. In all cases, conditions could be greatly improved by improving airflow as windows were frequently blocked for various reasons. Therefore, airflow should be explicitly considered, whilst being cognisant of the local context; and when cooking is likely to occur indoors, chimneys must be fitted.

中文翻译:

三大洲临时避难所空气质量测量与分析

摘要 数以百万计的流离失所者被安置在通常由一个房间组成的避难所中,这意味着烹饪、睡觉和社交等活动都在同一个空间内进行。因此,室内空气质量可能很差,估计每年有 20,000 名流离失所者过早死亡。很少有研究考虑这个问题,而且都是在一个国家内进行的。本文通过在秘鲁、埃塞俄比亚、吉布提、约旦、土耳其和孟加拉国的十个地点观察挥发性有机化合物 (VOC)、微粒物质 (PM) 和二氧化碳,描述了第一项调查避难所空气质量的综合研究。它的目的是:(i) 发现问题的普遍程度,(ii) 确定一些原因,(iii) 是否与文化和行为因素有关,(iv) 位置和气候,(v) 避难所的材料或设计。结果揭示了非常有害的污染物水平,通常与死亡率过高有关 - 总 VOC 浓度高达 102400 μgm-3,PM 超过 3000 μgm-3。这些集中的原因是复杂的、多方面的和特定于环境的。然而,无论是简单的自建庇护所还是大规模制造的设计,以及所有气候和文化,这都是一个问题。在所有情况下,由于各种原因经常堵塞窗户,因此可以通过改善气流来大大改善条件。因此,应明确考虑气流,同时了解当地情况;当烹饪可能在室内进行时,必须安装烟囱。结果揭示了非常有害的污染物水平,通常与死亡率过高有关 - 总 VOC 浓度高达 102400 μgm-3,PM 超过 3000 μgm-3。这些集中的原因是复杂的、多方面的和特定于环境的。然而,无论是简单的自建庇护所还是大规模制造的设计,以及所有气候和文化,这都是一个问题。在所有情况下,由于各种原因经常堵塞窗户,因此可以通过改善气流来大大改善条件。因此,应明确考虑气流,同时了解当地情况;当烹饪可能在室内进行时,必须安装烟囱。结果揭示了非常有害的污染物水平,通常与死亡率过高有关 - 总 VOC 浓度高达 102400 μgm-3,PM 超过 3000 μgm-3。这些集中的原因是复杂的、多方面的和特定于环境的。然而,无论是简单的自建庇护所还是大规模制造的设计,以及所有气候和文化,这都是一个问题。在所有情况下,由于各种原因经常堵塞窗户,因此可以通过改善气流来大大改善条件。因此,应明确考虑气流,同时了解当地情况;当烹饪可能在室内进行时,必须安装烟囱。无论是简单的自建庇护所还是大规模制造的设计,以及所有气候和文化,这都是一个问题。在所有情况下,由于各种原因经常堵塞窗户,因此可以通过改善气流来大大改善条件。因此,应明确考虑气流,同时了解当地情况;当烹饪可能在室内进行时,必须安装烟囱。无论是简单的自建庇护所还是大规模制造的设计,以及所有气候和文化,这都是一个问题。在所有情况下,由于各种原因经常堵塞窗户,因此可以通过改善气流来大大改善条件。因此,应明确考虑气流,同时了解当地情况;当烹饪可能在室内进行时,必须安装烟囱。
更新日期:2020-11-01
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