Cement manufacturing is associated with global and local environmental issues. Many studies have employed life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impacts from cement production and investigate measures to improve environmental performance. However, there have not been any scientific studies assessing the impacts of the Myanmar cement industry on the environment. In this study, environmental impacts of the Myanmar cement industry were evaluated using LCA and key contributors to major environmental impacts were identified. This study follows the principles outlined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 14040:2006 and ISO 14044:2006) to conduct LCA of the cement industry in Myanmar. The functional unit considered is 1 tonne of Portland cement, and a cradle-to-gate analysis was conducted. The input data (raw materials, energy, electricity, and transportation) were collected from 8 cement plants in Myanmar, but data about raw material extraction were adapted from the literature. The output data (emissions to air) were estimated based on the IPCC guidelines, the EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebooks and the US EPA Detonation of explosives; an AP-42 update. LCAs of specific cement plants were implemented, and both midpoint environmental impacts and endpoint damage categories were assessed based on the ReCiPe 2016 method. The results showed that major environmental impacts from the Myanmar cement industry include climate change, photochemical oxidant formation damaging ecosystem quality, fine particulate matter formation, terrestrial acidification and fossil resource scarcity. They were assessed to account for about 80, 0.5, 18, 0.6 and 0.4% of the overall environmental burdens from cement manufacturing, respectively. Human health damage was the most affected category. Key contributors to these major impacts were found to be CO2, NOx, SO2 and PM2.5 emissions, mostly from the clinker production step. In order to mitigate these environmental impacts and initiate sustainable development in this industrial sector in Myanmar, appropriate mitigation options, including fuel and energy saving, and the use of alternative fuels and materials need to be considered. Through this study, the contribution of the Myanmar cement industry to environmental impacts in a life cycle perspective was investigated and key environmental hotspots were identified in order to suggest mitigation options for the sustainable development of this industrial sector. Based on the study results, some improvement measures should be considered, which include upgrading the cement manufacturing process, increasing the share of clinker substitutes, utilizing alternative fuels, optimizing energy efficiency and implementing energy recovery technologies.

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缅甸硅酸盐水泥生产生命周期评估

水泥制造与全球和当地的环境问题有关。许多研究采用生命周期评估 (LCA) 来评估水泥生产对环境的影响，并调查改善环境绩效的措施。然而，还没有任何科学研究评估缅甸水泥工业对环境的影响。在这项研究中，使用 LCA 评估了缅甸水泥行业的环境影响，并确定了主要环境影响的关键因素。本研究遵循国际标准化组织（ISO 14040:2006 和 ISO 14044:2006）概述的原则，对缅甸水泥行业进行 LCA。考虑的功能单元是 1 吨波特兰水泥，并进行了从摇篮到门的分析。输入数据（原材料、能源、电力和运输）来自缅甸的 8 家水泥厂，但原材料提取的数据改编自文献。输出数据（空气排放）是根据 IPCC 指南、EMEP/EEA 空气污染物排放清单指南和美国 EPA 爆炸物爆炸估算得出的；AP-42 更新。实施了特定水泥厂的 LCA，并根据 ReCiPe 2016 方法评估了中点环境影响和终点损害类别。结果表明，缅甸水泥行业的主要环境影响包括气候变化、光化学氧化剂形成破坏生态系统质量、细颗粒物形成、陆地酸化和化石资源稀缺。他们被评估为约占 80，分别占水泥生产总环境负荷的 0.5%、18%、0.6% 和 0.4%。人类健康损害是受影响最大的类别。发现造成这些主要影响的主要因素是 CO2、NOx、SO2 和 PM2.5 排放，主要来自熟料生产步骤。为了减轻这些环境影响并启动缅甸工业部门的可持续发展，需要考虑适当的缓解方案，包括节省燃料和能源，以及使用替代燃料和材料。通过这项研究，从生命周期的角度调查了缅甸水泥工业对环境影响的贡献，并确定了关键的环境热点，以便为该工业部门的可持续发展提出缓解方案。根据研究结果，