With the development of disaster-risk research, it has been found that many areas are prone to the simultaneous occurrence of natural disasters and technological accidents. Such events are known as “multi-hazard.” Increasing attention has been paid to multi-hazard risk, and the theory and methods of multi-hazard risk analysis have been put forward and applied in some areas. Compared with single-hazard risk analysis, multi-hazard risk analysis is more complex and challenging. Researchers typically focus on the characteristics of specific multi-hazard scenarios. However, when multiple hazards occur simultaneously, the relationship between them may be complex. At present, there are still many confusing descriptions of the relationship between hazards, and there are also differences in the research methods for different multi-hazard scenarios. This paper clarifies the relationship between hazards in multi-hazard scenarios by dividing them into three categories: mutually amplified hazards, mutually exclusive hazards, and non-influential hazards. A series of risk analysis methods have been reviewed for different hazard relationships (e.g., Natech events, human-induced hazards, disaster chains, the domino effect, and concurrent hazards), and possible challenges and solutions have been put forward.

随着灾害风险研究的发展，已经发现许多地区倾向于同时发生自然灾害和技术事故。此类事件称为“多灾种”。对多灾种风险的研究日益受到重视，并提出了多灾种风险分析的理论和方法，并在某些领域得到了应用。与单危害风险分析相比，多危害风险分析更加复杂和具有挑战性。研究人员通常关注特定的多灾种情景的特征。但是，当多个危害同时发生时，它们之间的关系可能很复杂。目前，关于危害之间关系的描述仍然令人困惑，并且针对不同的多重危害场景的研究方法也存在差异。本文通过将三类情景中的危害分为三类：相互放大的危害，相互排斥的危害和无影响的危害，来阐明危害之间的关系。针对不同的危害关系（例如，Natech事件，人为危害，灾难链，多米诺骨牌效应和并发危害），已经审查了一系列风险分析方法，并提出了可能的挑战和解决方案。