While general features of mountain climate are well recognised, there is not many research regarded their bioclimatic differentiation. The aim of the present study is to answer the question how different geographical factors: elevation above sea level, physiographical type of area, climate continentality and location of area in relation to the main mountain ridge influence thermal stress in northern Carpathians. To analyse thermal stress in the region, daily meteorological data from 21 stations of national weather networks of Poland, Ukraine and Slovakia for the period 1986–2015 were used. Daily data of air temperature, relative humidity, total cloud cover and wind speed at 10 m above ground for 12 UTC were used because they represent midday hours which are mostly used for any human activity. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was applied as a measure of thermal stress. The results show that (1) cold stress significantly increases and heat stress decreases due to rise of altitude, (2) due to climate continentality and physiographical differences between western and eastern parts of northern Carpathians in their eastern edge, the cold stress is more evident than in western one, (3) at southward slopes of Carpathian, heat stress is significantly more frequent then at northward areas.

中文翻译：

---

地理因素对喀尔巴阡山脉北部热应力的影响

虽然山地气候的一般特征得到了很好的认识，但对其生物气候分异的研究并不多。本研究的目的是回答不同的地理因素如何影响北喀尔巴阡山脉的热应力的问题：海拔高度、地区的自然地理类型、气候大陆性和与主要山脊相关的地区位置。为了分析该地区的热应力，使用了 1986-2015 年期间波兰、乌克兰和斯洛伐克国家气象网络 21 个站的每日气象数据。使用了 12 UTC 地面以上 10 m 处的气温、相对湿度、总云量和风速的每日数据，因为它们代表了主要用于任何人类活动的中午时间。通用热气候指数 (UTCI) 被用作热应力的量度。结果表明：（1）由于海拔升高，冷胁迫显着增加，热胁迫显着降低；（2）北喀尔巴阡山脉东部边缘受气候大陆性和东西部地理差异影响，冷胁迫更加明显。 （3）喀尔巴阡山脉南坡，热应力明显高于北部地区。