Global change challenges ecosystems in xeric locations transformed by intensive human use. Resilience to drought of relict Mediterranean Quercus pyrenaica populations in the southern Iberian Peninsula was analyzed in relation to historical records of land use, combining dendroecological growth of adult trees and greenness (EVI) as proxies for secondary and primary growth. The growth trends reflected a strong influence of old land-use legacies (firewood removal) in the current forest structure. Trees were highly sensitive to moisture availability, but both primary growth and secondary growth expressed high resilience to drought events over the short and the long term. Resilience and the tree growth response to climate followed a water-stress gradient. A positive growth trend since the late 1970s was particularly evident in mesic (colder and wetter) high-elevation stands, but absent in the most xeric (warmer and drier) stands. The high values of resilience observed suggest that the studied Q. pyrenaica populations are located in a geographical but not a climatic or ecological rear edge. Resilience of oak stands to drought events was not spatially homogeneous across the mountain range, due to differences in ecological conditions and/or past management legacies. This is particularly relevant for rear-edge populations where topographic and biophysical variability can facilitate the existence of refugia.

全球变化挑战了人类密集使用而转变的干旱地区的生态系统。地中海遗迹栎的抗旱能力分析伊比利亚半岛南部的人口，结合土地使用的历史记录，结合成年树的树状生态学增长和绿色（EVI）作为次生和初生生长的代理。增长趋势反映了旧的土地利用遗产（砍伐柴火）对当前森林结构的强大影响。树木对水分供应高度敏感，但无论是初级生长还是次级生长，无论短期还是长期，都表现出高度的抗旱能力。抵御力和树木对气候的响应遵循水压力梯度。自1970年代后期以来，正中增长趋势在中高（陡峭和湿润）高海拔林分中尤为明显，而在最干燥（较早和干燥）的林分中则不存在。观察到的高回弹性值表明，研究拟南芥种群位于地理的后缘而不是气候或生态的后缘。由于生态条件和/或过往管理遗产的差异，整个山脉的橡树抗旱能力在空间上并不均匀。这对于地形和生物物理变异性可以促进避难所存在的后缘人群尤其重要。