Despite the importance of copper-base metallurgy during Iran’s Bronze Age, limited systematic scientific data exist on the alloying patterns and processes of the period. While it seems that tin bronze metallurgy existed in the Early Bronze Age in western Iran and it was widespread through the Middle and Late Bronze Age, tin bronze technology was less common in eastern Iranian Plateau during Bronze Age. In this paper, a multianalytical study has been undertaken on a series of copper alloy objects excavated from the Late Bronze Age site of Shahrak-e Firouzeh, Neyshabur, located in north-eastern Iran. The study was performed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), as well as optical microscopy (metallography) methods. Results revealed that the prevalent copper-base metallurgy in the site was unalloyed and arsenical copper in general, with objects manufactured by a partially simple procedure, including cold working and annealing (not enough to remove the original coring occurred during solidification of the metallic ingots or pieces). These findings, coupled with comparative and descriptive interpretations, also showed that while tin bronze was made in Early Bronze Age of western Iran, arsenical copper was the main metallic material used in other parts of the country, in central and eastern Iran in particular.

中文翻译：

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伊朗东北部青铜时代晚期的砷铜和青铜冶金：Shahrak-e Firouzeh考古遗址的证据

尽管在伊朗青铜时代铜基冶金很重要，但有关该时期合金化模式和过程的系统科学数据有限。尽管似乎在伊朗西部的青铜时代就已经存在锡青铜冶金学，并且在青铜时代的中后期一直很普遍，但在青铜时代，锡青铜技术在伊朗东部的高原并不普遍。在本文中，一个multianalytical研究已进行了一系列铜合金的对象从青铜器时代晚期遗址出土沙赫拉克-E Firouzeh，Neyshabur，位于伊朗东北部。这项研究是使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）和扫描电子显微镜-能量色散X射线光谱（SEM-EDS）以及光学显微镜（金相学）方法进行的。结果表明，该地点普遍存在的铜基冶金是非合金和砷铜，其对象是通过部分简单的程序制造的，包括冷加工和退火（不足以消除金属锭或金属凝固过程中发生的原始取芯）件）。这些发现以及比较和描述性解释也表明，锡青铜是在伊朗西部的早期青铜时代生产的，而砷铜是该国其他地区使用的主要金属材料，