Abstract

Within the marine sphere, host-associated microbiomes are receiving growing attention as prolific sources of novel biocatalysts. Given the known biocatalytic potential of poriferan microbial inhabitants, this review focuses on enzymes from the sponge microbiome, with special attention on their relevant properties and the wide range of their potential biotechnological applications within various industries. Cultivable bacterial and filamentous fungal isolates account for the majority of the enzymatic sources. Hydrolases, mainly glycoside hydrolases and carboxylesterases, are the predominant reported group of enzymes, with varying degrees of tolerance to alkaline pH and growing salt concentrations being common. Prospective areas for the application of these microbial enzymes include biorefinery, detergent, food and effluent treatment industries. Finally, alternative strategies to identify novel biocatalysts from the sponge microbiome are addressed, with an emphasis on modern -omics-based approaches that are currently available in the enzyme research arena. By providing this current overview of the field, we hope to not only increase the appetite of researchers to instigate forthcoming studies but also to stress how basic and applied research can pave the way for new biocatalysts from these symbiotic microbial communities in a productive fashion.

Key points

• The sponge microbiome is a burgeoning source of industrial biocatalysts.

• Sponge microbial enzymes have useful habitat-related traits for several industries.

• Strategies are provided for the future discovery of microbial enzymes from sponges.

中文翻译：

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利用海绵微生物组作为工业生物催化剂。

摘要

在海洋领域，与宿主相关的微生物群作为新型生物催化剂的丰富来源正受到越来越多的关注。鉴于卟啉微生物居民的已知生物催化潜力，本文将重点研究海绵微生物组中的酶，并特别关注其相关特性以及在各种行业中其潜在生物技术应用的广泛范围。可培养的细菌和丝状真菌分离物占大多数酶来源。水解酶，主要是糖苷水解酶和羧酸酯酶，是报告的主要酶类，对碱性pH的耐受程度各不相同，并且盐浓度不断增加。这些微生物酶的应用前景包括生物炼制，洗涤剂，食品和废水处理行业。最后，提出了从海绵微生物组中鉴定新型生物催化剂的替代策略，重点是酶研究领域当前可利用的基于现代组学的方法。通过提供该领域的最新概述，我们不仅希望增加研究人员进行即将开展的研究的意愿，而且希望强调基础和应用研究如何为这些共生微生物群落中的新型生物催化剂以生产性方式铺平道路。

关键点

•海绵微生物组是工业生物催化剂的新兴来源。

•海绵微生物酶对一些行业具有有用的与生境相关的特征。

•为将来从海绵中发现微生物酶提供了策略。