Abstract

Lipopeptides are a group of second metabolites of Bacillus and have multiple activities such as inhibiting fungi, bacteria, viruses, and tumors, showing a great potential application in agricultural and biomedical fields. However, low production severely restrained their application in practice. Deeply understanding the key elements of lipopeptide synthesis and the regulatory strategies is essential to target the improvement of lipopeptide production. The synthetic pathways of different lipopeptides are different, but closely and mutually interfered. The loading of fatty acid chains and the extension of peptide chains are two key steps for the synthesis of different lipopeptides by Bacillus. The selection of fatty acid chains, the loading order of amino acids, and the recognition of the final cyclization site are the critical steps to determine the end products of different lipopeptides. In order to find the key elements for precisely directing the formation of different lipopeptides by Bacillus, the key structural elements and possible regulatory strategies that have been reported in the production of different lipopeptides, mainly surfactin, iturin, and fengycin by Bacillus, were summarized and compared. The possible ways to improve the production of different targeted lipopeptides were proposed.

Key points

• The selectivity of fatty acids is determined by specific domains.

• The COM domain and the PKS docking domain determine the order of amino acids.

• The regulation patterns of different domains for lipopeptide synthesis are different.

• The regulation of different lipopeptide products overlaps each other.

中文翻译：

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芽孢杆菌生物合成脂肽的NRPS的关键要素和调控策略。

摘要

脂肽是芽孢杆菌的一组第二代谢产物，具有多种活性，例如抑制真菌，细菌，病毒和肿瘤，显示出在农业和生物医学领域的巨大潜力。但是，低产量严重限制了它们在实践中的应用。深入了解脂肽合成的关键要素和调控策略对于靶向脂肽生产的改善至关重要。不同脂肽的合成途径是不同的，但是紧密且相互干扰。脂肪酸链的负载和肽链的延伸是芽孢杆菌合成不同脂肽的两个关键步骤。脂肪酸链的选择，氨基酸的加载顺序以及最终环化位点的识别是确定不同脂肽终产物的关键步骤。为了找到精确指导芽孢杆菌形成不同脂肽的关键元素，总结并报道了在芽孢杆菌生产不同脂肽（主要是表面活性素，Iturin和丰霉素）中已报道的关键结构元素和可能的调控策略。比较。提出了可能的方法来提高不同的靶向脂肽的生产。

关键点

•脂肪酸的选择性由特定域决定。

•COM域和PKS对接域确定氨基酸的顺序。

•脂肽合成的不同结构域的调控模式不同。

•不同脂肽产物的调控相互重叠。