Ambient‐noise tomography (ANT) has become an effective method for determining the fine velocity structure of the shallow crust. However, studies on metal mines using this method are rarely reported. To investigate the tectonic background and prospecting of the deep mine in the Baiyun gold deposit (BYGD) of eastern Liaoning Province, China, we use ANT to determine a 3D S‐wave velocity structure model of the BYGD. A total of 21 broadband seismic stations were installed in an area of 15×14 km⁠, centered at the BYGD. Continuous observations for approximately three months were made. After single‐station preprocessing, cross correlation of ambient noise, and phase‐weighted stacking, the empirical Green’s function for the Rayleigh waves between stations was recovered. Next, group‐velocity dispersion with 0.8–3 s periods was measured. A direct inversion method of surface‐wave dispersion based on raytracing was then adopted to determine a 3D S‐wave velocity structure of the BYGD from the ground surface to a depth of 1.8 km. The results show that the distribution of S‐wave velocities in the study area well reflected the geological characteristics of the surface. The velocities were significantly low within the “ore field” and the regional ore‐controlling Jianshanzi fault. Combining this with the fact that a large number of magmatic veins were visible inside both structures, it was deduced that both structures had experienced large‐scale magmatic intrusion activities, thus confirming that BYGD was a magmatic hydrothermal deposit. The significantly low S‐wave velocities beneath the gold deposit extended to a depth of 1.8 km. This might imply the occurrence of blind ore bodies at that depth. The fine velocity structure of the BYGD reconstructed by this study provided a direction for subsequent prospecting of deep regions and demonstrated that ANT has good potential in metal mine exploration.

中文翻译：

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辽宁白云金矿床的环境噪声层析成像

环境噪声层析成像（ANT）已成为确定浅层地壳精细速度结构的有效方法。但是，很少有报道使用这种方法对金属矿进行研究。为了研究辽宁省东部白云金矿床（BYGD）的深部构造背景和找矿前景，我们使用ANT来确定BYGD的3D S波速度结构模型。在以BYGD为中心的15×14km⁠区域中，总共安装了21个宽带地震台站。连续观察了大约三个月。经过单站预处理，环境噪声的互相关以及相位加权叠加之后，恢复了站之间瑞利波的经验格林函数。接下来，测量了0.8-3 s周期内的群速度色散。然后采用基于射线追踪的表面波弥散的直接反演方法来确定BYGD从地面到1.8 km深度的3D S波速度结构。结果表明，研究区的S波速度分布很好地反映了地表的地质特征。在“矿场”和区域控矿尖山子断裂带内，速度明显较低。结合这两个结构内部都可见大量岩浆脉这一事实，可以推断出这两个结构都经历了大规模的岩浆侵入活动，从而证实了BYGD是岩浆热液矿床。金矿床下方极低的横波速度延伸至1.8 km的深度。这可能暗示在该深度会出现盲矿体。这项研究重建的BYGD的精细速度结构为后续深部勘探提供了方向，并证明了ANT在金属矿勘探中具有良好的潜力。