Genetic characterisation of wild ungulates can be a useful tool in wildlife management and in obtaining a greater understanding of their biological and ecological roles in a wider spatiotemporal context. Different ways of optimising methodologies and reducing the costs of genetic analyses using widely available bone tissues collected within regular hunting allocations were examined. Successful isolation and analysis of DNA from widely available bones can be cheap, fast and easy. In particular, this study explored the possibility of using bones for extracting high quality nuclear DNA for microsatellite analysis. The utility of applying a modified demineralisation process using two commercially available DNA isolation kits, which differ significantly in price, was evaluated. The sample sets included bones and, for comparison, muscle tissues from four wild ungulate species: chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), and Alpine ibex (Capra ibex). For the recent bones, these results confirmed that the DNA concentrations and microsatellite amplification were sufficiently high, even when using low-cost kits, after prior demineralisation. For old bones, prior demineralisation and use of a specially designed isolation kit led to a more successful extraction of DNA. Besides reducing kit-related costs, low-cost kits are much faster and therefore make genetic analysis more efficient.

中文翻译：

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野生有蹄类动物的遗传特征：从广泛存在的骨骼中成功分离和分析 DNA 成本低廉、快速且简单


野生有蹄类动物的遗传特征可以成为野生动物管理和在更广泛的时空背景下更好地了解其生物和生态作用的有用工具。使用在常规狩猎分配中收集的广泛可用的骨组织，研究了优化方法和降低遗传分析成本的不同方法。从广泛存在的骨骼中成功分离和分析 DNA 成本低廉、快速且简单。特别是，这项研究探索了利用骨骼提取高质量核 DNA 进行微卫星分析的可能性。评估了使用两种市售 DNA 分离试剂盒应用改进的脱矿质过程的实用性，这两种试剂盒的价格差异很大。样本集包括来自四种野生有蹄类动物的骨骼和肌肉组织（用于比较）：羚羊（Rupicapra rupicapra）、狍子（Capreolus capreolus）、野猪（Sus scrofa）和高山山羊（Capra ibex）。对于最近的骨头，这些结果证实，即使使用低成本试剂盒，在预先脱矿之后，DNA 浓度和微卫星扩增也足够高。对于老骨头，预先脱矿质和使用专门设计的分离套件可以更成功地提取 DNA。除了降低试剂盒相关成本外，低成本试剂盒速度更快，因此使遗传分析更加高效。