Sodium aescinate (SA) is a vital salt of sodium escin from Aesculus wilsonii Rehd seeds. SA injection (SAI) has received great success in treating cerebral edema, venous reflux disease and other inflammatory conditions. Recently, high incidences of immediate hypersensitivity reactions were reported after SA infusion, which raised questions on safety and risk associated with its clinical application. This study was designed to check whether SAI and its four components induce degranulation using RBL-2H3 mast cells. For this purpose, we evaluated different treatment levels of SAI (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 μg ml⁻¹) and its four characteristic components, SA-A, SA-B, SA-C and SA-D, at 60 μg ml⁻¹ in different tests including cell viability test, β-hexosaminidase and histamine assays, oxidative stress indices, apoptosis analysis and intracellular calcium ions in RBL-2H3 cells. Our results demonstrated that SAI at 80 μg ml⁻¹ and 100 μg ml⁻¹, and its two components (SA-B and SA-D) at 60 μg ml⁻¹ were responsible for disturbing cell morphology and cell viability, elevated levels of β-hexosaminidase, histamine, modulation of oxidative stress indices, induced apoptosis and increase in intracellular calcium ions in RBL-2H3 cells, when compared with the control. Our results demonstrated for the first time that SAI was more likely to induce immediate hypersensitivity reactions attributable to degranulation via oxidative stress caused by SA-B and SA-D components. These results would not only be useful for the safety of end user but also for the industry to improve the quality of SA infusion.

中文翻译：

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七叶皂苷酸钠及其生物活性成分通过RBL-2H3肥大细胞中的氧化应激诱导脱粒。

七叶皂苷钠（SA）是来自欧洲七叶树种子的七叶皂苷的重要盐。SA注射液（SAI）在治疗脑水肿，静脉反流疾病和其他炎性疾病方面取得了巨大的成功。最近，有报道称SA注射后立即发生超敏反应的发生率很高，这引发了有关其临床应用的安全性和风险的问题。本研究旨在检查SAI及其四个成分是否使用RBL-2H3肥大细胞诱导脱粒。为此，我们在60℃评估了不同的SAI处理水平（20、40、60、80和100μgml ^-1）及其四个特征成分SA-A，SA-B，SA-C和SA-D。 μgml ^-1在不同测试中包括细胞活力测试，β-己糖胺酶和组胺测定，氧化应激指数，细胞凋亡分析和RBL-2H3细胞中的细胞内钙离子。我们的研究结果表明，在SAI 80微克毫升^-1和100μg毫升^-1，它的两个部件（SA-B和SA-d）在60微克毫升^-1负责扰乱细胞形态和细胞生存力，水平升高β与对照组相比，己糖胺酶，组胺，氧化应激指数的调节，诱导凋亡和RBL-2H3细胞中细胞内钙离子的增加。我们的结果首次证明，SAI更有可能通过由SA-B和SA-D组分引起的氧化应激而引起立即的超敏反应，该反应可归因于脱粒。这些结果不仅对最终用户的安全有用，而且对提高SA输注质量的行业也很有用。