ABSTRACT

Clupeids are one of the most diverse groups of marine fishes represented by numerous extant genera and species. The diversity of European clupeids was even greater in the past, especially during the Paleogene and early Neogene. Here we present the results of a thorough revision of numerous fish fossils assigned to the subfamily Clupeinae. They come from Oligocene and early Miocene deposits of the former Eastern Paratethys and the Carpathian Basin, and are represented by complete and fragmented skeletons. A new endemic genus—†Rupelia Baykina and Kovalchuk, gen. nov.—is established for small-sized herrings from the early Oligocene (Rupelian) of the Caucasus. It occurred only in the Eastern Paratethys and was represented by a single species—†R. rata (Daniltshenko, 1959 Daniltshenko, P. G. 1959. Lower Maikopian species of the genus Sardinella . Paleontological Journal 1:95–97. [Russian] [Google Scholar]). At that time, another herring inhabited the entire Paratethys. It completely fits into †Clupeonella (Maicopiella) sensu Menner, 1949a Menner, V. V. 1949a. Class Pisces, pp. 346–360 in A. G.Zabelin (ed.), Atlas rukovodiashchikh form iskopaemykh faun SSSR. Vol. 13: Neogen (Neogene). Gosgeolitizdat, Moscow . [Russian] [Google Scholar]—a subgenus which is raised here to genus level. Based on our review, this herring was represented during the Oligocene by †Maicopiella longimana (Heckel, 1850 Heckel, J. J. 1850. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der fossilen Fische Österreichs. Denkschriften der Kaiserlischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Matematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 1:201–242. [Google Scholar]) —a widespread species with numerous fossils found in deposits mostly of Rupelian and partly of Chattian age. †Rupelia rata went extinct at the beginning of the Miocene, while †Maicopiella longimana was replaced by †M. brevicauda (Menner, 1949a Menner, V. V. 1949a. Class Pisces, pp. 346–360 in A. G.Zabelin (ed.), Atlas rukovodiashchikh form iskopaemykh faun SSSR. Vol. 13: Neogen (Neogene). Gosgeolitizdat, Moscow . [Russian] [Google Scholar]) in the Eastern Paratethys and by †Sardinella sardinites (Heckel, 1850 Heckel, J. J. 1850. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der fossilen Fische Österreichs. Denkschriften der Kaiserlischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Matematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe 1:201–242. [Google Scholar]) in the Carpathian Basin. A detailed morphological description of all mentioned taxa is presented. The results of our study shed more light on the diversity and distribution of herrings within the central and eastern parts of the Paratethys during the Oligocene and early Miocene.

摘要

lu是由众多现存属和种类代表的最多样化的海水鱼类之一。在过去，欧洲丘比特的多样性更大，尤其是在古近纪和新近纪早期。在这里，我们介绍彻底修改分配给亚科的许多鱼类化石的结果。它们来自前东部Paratethys和喀尔巴阡盆地的渐新世和中新世早期沉积，并以完整而零碎的骨骼为代表。一个新的地方性属-† Rupelia Baykina和Kovalchuk，将军。nov。—是为高加索早期渐新世（Rupelian）的小鲱鱼建立的。它仅发生在东部的Paratethys，并以单个物种为代表。† R. rata（Daniltshenko，1959年 丹尼尔申科（PG）， 1959年。沙丁鱼属的较低的Maikopian种类 。古生物学杂志1：95 – 97。[俄语] [Google Scholar]）。当时，另一个鲱鱼栖息在整个帕拉提斯人的家中。它完全适合†Clupeonella（Maicopiella）sensu Menner，1949a Menner，VV 1949a。双鱼座，第346 – 360页，AG Zabelin（ed。），Atlas rukovodiashchikh，格式为iskopaemykh faun SSSR。卷 13：新星（Neogen）。Gosgeolitizdat， 莫斯科 。[俄语] [Google Scholar] —在此提升到属级别的子属。根据我们的评论，该鲱鱼在渐新世期间由†Maicopiella longimana（Heckel，1850年 Heckel，JJ 1850。北化石化石FischeÖsterreichs。等级一：201 – 242。 [Google Scholar]）-一种广泛分布的物种，在大部分的Rupelian矿床和部分Chattian时代的矿床中发现了许多化石。†Rupelia rata在中新世开始时就灭绝了，而†Maicopiella longimana被†M. brevicauda取代（Menner，1949a Menner，VV 1949a。双鱼座，第346 – 360页，AG Zabelin（ed。），Atlas rukovodiashchikh，格式为iskopaemykh faun SSSR。卷 13：新星（Neogen）。Gosgeolitizdat， 莫斯科 。[俄语] [Google Scholar]）在东部的Paratethys和†Sardinella sardinites（Heckel，1850年 Heckel，JJ 1850。北化石化石FischeÖsterreichs。等级一：201 – 242。 [Google Scholar]）在喀尔巴阡盆地。提供了所有提到的分类单元的详细形态学描述。我们的研究结果更加揭示了渐新世和中新世早期鲱的中部和东部鲱鱼的多样性和分布。