Abstract

Impulse waves generated by landslides lead to serious secondary disasters. To investigate the effects of impulse waves on a bank slope, a three-dimensional physical model test was conducted considering multiple factors, such as the width, thickness, and volume of the landslide body, inclination angle of the landslide, and bank slope angle. The results show that the wave did not break upon the first crest. And the waves break and swirl locally when fallback water flowed into the trough. The pressure acting upon the bank slope included pulsating pressure and impact pressure, of which the latter was largely affected by repeated tests, measuring frequencies, and measurement point densities. The existing empirical formulas cannot accurately reflect the wave pressure on the bank slope under the action of landslide-generated impulse waves. The maximum pulsating pressure increased proportionally with width, thickness, volume and inclination angle of the landslide body. This study better restores the interaction process between landslide, impulse waves and bank slope in actual river channels, and provides relevant support for the formulation of water pressure prediction formulas.

摘要

滑坡产生的冲击波会导致严重的次生灾害。为研究冲击波对岸坡的影响，综合考虑滑坡体的宽度、厚度、体积、滑坡倾角、岸坡角度等因素，进行三维物理模型试验。结果表明，波浪没有在第一个波峰上破裂。当后备水流入槽中时，波浪会在局部破裂并产生漩涡。作用在岸坡上的压力包括脉动压力和冲击压力，后者受重复试验、测量频率和测量点密度的影响较大。现有的经验公式不能准确反映滑坡产生的冲击波作用下对岸坡的波浪压力。最大脉动压力随滑坡体的宽度、厚度、体积和倾角成比例增加。本研究较好地还原了实际河道中滑坡、冲击波和岸坡相互作用的过程，为水压预测公式的制定提供了相关支持。