Pollen sterility (PS) in mother lines is crucial for hybrid crossings in plant breeding. 21 di‐ (2x) and tetraploid (4x) accessions of the hermaphroditic chamomile were screened for spontaneous, thermic or gametocide induced PS. Two crossing trials with the diploid accessions 'Bona' (BON) and 'Hungary 2' (HUN2) should specify maternally inherited cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Progeny thereof showed increased PS. BON as mother (BH) entailed means of 30 and 22% PS, versus 8% and 20% after reciprocal crossings. Backcrosses of BH with HUN2 in paternal and maternal direction revealed increasing mean PS (24% and 32%), without verification of CMS. A split plot design of 100 individuals treated with four chemical gametocides analyzed PS, seed set, germination rate and whole plant damage. Tri‐iodobenzoic acid caused the highest PS (43%). Progeny of two plants (2x, 4x) with degenerated anthers without pollen, showed 100% PS either in tetraploid F₁ and F₂ (4% and 11%) or in diploid F₂ and F₃ (26% and 23%). High temperature (30/28°C day/night) decreased the male fertility to some extent.

中文翻译：

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迈向德国洋甘菊（Matricaria chamomilla）花粉不育的常规方法-细胞质/基因雄性不育和化学去雄的常规育种方法

母本中的花粉不育（PS）对于植物育种中的杂交杂交至关重要。筛选了雌雄同体的洋甘菊的21 di（2 x）和四倍体（4 x）的自发性，热性或杀虫剂诱导的PS。两个二倍体种“ Bona ”（BON）和“匈牙利2 ”的杂交试验'（HUN2）应指定母体遗传的细胞质雄性不育（CMS）。其子代显示出增加的PS。作为母亲的BON（BH）意味着平均PS为30％和22％，而相交后为8％和20％。BH与HUN2在父本和母本方向上的回交显示出平均PS增加（分别为24％和32％），而没有CMS的验证。采用四种化学杀虫剂处理的100个人的剖分设计分析了PS，种子结实，发芽率和整株植物的伤害。三碘苯甲酸导致最高的PS（43％）。具有不带花粉的退化花药的两株植物（2 x，4 x）的子代在四倍体F ₁和F ₂（4％和11％）或二倍体F ₂和F _3中显示100％PS（26％和23％）。高温（白天/晚上30/28°C）在一定程度上降低了男性的生育能力。