A small dinoflagellate, ~13 μm in cell length, was isolated from Jinhae Bay, Korea. Light microscopy showed that it was similar to the kleptoplastidic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium gracilentum nom. inval. rDNA sequences were obtained and its anatomy and morphology described using light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that it belonged to the family Kareniaceae. However, its large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences were 5.2–9.5% different from those of the other five genera in the family, and its clade was clearly divergent from that of each genus. Its overall morphology was different from those of the other five genera in the family and from Gymnodinium. Unlike Gymnodinium, this dinoflagellate did not have a horseshoe‐shaped apical groove, nuclear envelope chambers, or a nuclear fibrous connective (NFC). It had an apical line of narrow amphiesmal vesicles and an elongated apical furrow crossing the apex. Cells were covered with polygonal amphiesmal vesicles arranged in 16 rows. Starved cells did not contain their own plastids, eyespots, pyrenoids, peridinin, or fucoxanthin. However, they could survive without added prey for approximately one month using chloroplasts from the cryptophyte prey Teleaulax amphioxeia, indicating kleptoplastidy. Because this taxon is genetically distinct at the generic rank from the other genera in Kareniaceae, it is placed in Shimiella gen. nov., and because G. gracilentum was invalid, the new bionomial S. gracilenta sp. nov. is proposed.

中文翻译：

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Shimiella gen。十一月 和Shimiella gracilenta sp。十一月 （Dinophyceae，Kareniaceae），一种来自韩国水域的破灭性地鞭毛藻及其在饥饿下的生存

从韩国金海湾分离出一个小鞭毛，细胞长约13μm。光学显微镜显示，其类似于破膜质的鞭毛藻鞭毛体nom。inval。获得了rDNA序列，并使用光，扫描和透射电子显微镜对它的解剖学和形态进行了描述。系统发育分析表明它属于Kareniaceae科。但是，它的大亚基（LSU）rDNA序列与该家族其他五个属的5.2-9.5％差异，并且其进化枝显然与每个属的分支不同。它的总体形态与家族的其他5个属和裸子din属不同。不同于裸子草，该鞭毛藻没有马蹄形的顶端沟，核包膜室或核纤维结缔组织（NFC）。它的顶端线有狭窄的两性小泡，顶端有一条细长的小沟穿过顶端。细胞覆盖有排列成16行的多边形两性小泡。饥饿的细胞不包含其自身的质体，眼点，类胡萝卜素，peridinin或岩藻黄质。然而，使用隐生植物捕食者Teleaulax amphioxeia的叶绿体，它们无需添加猎物就可以存活大约一个月，这表明造皮术。由于该分类单元在遗传上与裸科的另一属在遗传上是不同的，因此将其放在志贺氏菌属中。十一月，因为G. gracilentum新的S. gracilenta sp。无效。十一月 被提议。