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Seismicity and Stress Associated With a Fluid‐Driven Fracture: Estimating the Evolving Geometry
Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-02 , DOI: 10.1029/2020jb020190
D. W. Vasco 1 , J. Torquil Smith 1 , G. Michael Hoversten 2
Affiliation  

A coupled approach, combining the theory of rate‐ and state‐dependent friction and methods from poroelasticity, forms the basis for a quantitative relationship between displacements and fluid leak‐off from a growing fracture and changes in the rate of seismic events in the region surrounding the fracture. Poroelastic Green's functions link fracture aperture changes and fluid flow from the fracture to changes in the stress field and pore pressure in the adjacent formation. The theory of rate‐ and state‐dependent friction provides a connection between Coulomb stress changes and variations in the rate of seismic events. Numerical modeling indicates that the Coulomb stress changes can vary significantly between formations with differing properties. The relationship between the seismicity rate changes and the changes in the formation stresses and fluid pressure is nonlinear, but a transformation produces a quantity that is linearly related to the aperture changes and fluid leak‐off from the fracture. The methodology provides a means for mapping changes in seismicity into fracture aperture changes and to image an evolving fracture. An application to observed microseismicity associated with a hydrofracture reveals asymmetric fracture propagation within two main zones, with extended propagation in the upper zone. The time‐varying volume of the fracture agrees with the injected volume, given by the integration of rate changes at the injection well, providing validation of the estimated aperture changes.

中文翻译:

与流体驱动的裂缝相关的地震和应力:估算不断变化的几何形状

一种耦合的方法,结合了速率和状态相关的摩擦理论以及多孔弹性方法,为位移和裂缝不断增长引起的流体泄漏与周围区域地震事件的速率之间的定量关系奠定了基础骨折。多孔弹性格林函数将裂缝的孔径变化和流体从裂缝的流动与应力场和邻近地层中孔隙压力的变化联系起来。速率和状态相关的摩擦理论在库仑应力变化和地震事件速率变化之间建立了联系。数值模拟表明,库仑应力变化在具有不同特性的地层之间会发生显着变化。地震活动率变化与地层应力和流体压力变化之间的关系是非线性的,但是变换产生的量与孔径变化和裂缝中的流体泄漏呈线性关系。该方法提供了一种将地震活动的变化映射到裂缝孔径变化并成像正在演化的裂缝的方法。对观察到的与水力裂缝相关的微地震的应用表明,裂缝在两个主要区域内不对称扩展,在上部区域扩展了扩展。裂缝随时间变化的体积与注入的体积一致,由注入井速率变化的积分得出,从而验证了估计的孔径变化。但是转换产生的量与孔径变化和裂缝中的流体泄漏呈线性关系。该方法提供了一种将地震活动的变化映射到裂缝孔径变化并成像正在演化的裂缝的方法。对观察到的与水力裂缝相关的微地震的应用表明,裂缝在两个主要区域内不对称扩展,在上部区域扩展了扩展。裂缝随时间变化的体积与注入的体积一致,由注入井速率变化的积分得出,从而验证了估计的孔径变化。但是转换产生的量与孔径变化和裂缝中的流体泄漏呈线性关系。该方法提供了一种将地震活动的变化映射到裂缝孔径变化并成像正在演化的裂缝的方法。对观察到的与水力裂缝相关的微地震的应用表明,裂缝在两个主要区域内不对称扩展,在上部区域扩展了扩展。裂缝随时间变化的体积与注入的体积一致,由注入井速率变化的积分得出,从而验证了估计的孔径变化。对观察到的与水力裂缝相关的微地震的应用表明,裂缝在两个主要区域内不对称扩展,在上部区域扩展了扩展。裂缝随时间变化的体积与注入的体积一致,由注入井速率变化的积分得出,从而验证了估计的孔径变化。对与水力裂缝有关的微地震观测应用表明,裂缝在两个主要区域内不对称扩展,在上部扩展。裂缝随时间变化的体积与注入的体积一致,这由注入井处速率变化的积分给出,从而验证了估计的孔径变化。
更新日期:2020-09-02
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