Circular RNA (circRNA) is an unusual class of RNA-like structures composed by exonic and/or intronic sequences that are regulated by the backsplicing mechanism and by the spliceosome-mediated machinery. These circular transcripts tend to accumulate during aging in several human tissues, especially in the mammalian brain, and their expression is correlated with the occurrence of several human pathologies, including a broad spectrum of neurological disorders. Previous findings have also shown that circRNAs are significantly present in the neuronal tissue and are up-regulated during neurogenesis, with a significant number been derived from neural genes, suggesting these circular molecules are involved in the cellular and molecular phenotype of our brain. However, the complete biogenesis, the many types of circRNA molecules, and their involvement with neuronal phenotype and with the occurrence of pathologies are still a challenging avenue for researchers. In this updated review, we discuss the current findings of the biogenesis and the diversity of cirRNAs and their molecular involvement in neurological tissue phenotype. We also discuss how some circRNAs can act as sponge molecules, regulating the activity of microRNA expression over gene translation. Finally, we also show the correlation of altered circRNA expression in neurological disorders.

环状 RNA (circRNA) 是一类不寻常的 RNA 样结构，由受反向剪接机制和剪接体介导的机制调节的外显子和/或内含子序列组成。这些环状转录物在衰老过程中往往会在几种人体组织中积累，尤其是在哺乳动物大脑中，它们的表达与几种人类疾病的发生有关，包括广泛的神经系统疾病。先前的研究结果还表明，circRNA 显着存在于神经元组织中，并且在神经发生过程中被上调，其中很大一部分来自神经基因，这表明这些环状分子与我们大脑的细胞和分子表型有关。然而，完整的生物发生，多种类型的 circRNA 分子，以及它们与神经元表型和病理发生的关系对于研究人员来说仍然是一个具有挑战性的途径。在这篇更新的综述中，我们讨论了 cirRNA 的生物发生和多样性及其在神经组织表型中的分子参与的当前发现。我们还讨论了一些 circRNA 如何充当海绵分子，通过基因翻译调节 microRNA 表达的活性。最后，我们还展示了神经系统疾病中 circRNA 表达改变的相关性。我们还讨论了一些 circRNA 如何充当海绵分子，通过基因翻译调节 microRNA 表达的活性。最后，我们还展示了神经系统疾病中 circRNA 表达改变的相关性。我们还讨论了一些 circRNA 如何充当海绵分子，通过基因翻译调节 microRNA 表达的活性。最后，我们还展示了神经系统疾病中 circRNA 表达改变的相关性。