The global demand for fossil fuels in the transportation sector is increasing rapidly due to the continuous growth of internal combustion engine vehicles. This leads to severe environmental problems, including greenhouse gas emissions and air-quality deterioration. Thus, it is necessary to increase the use of renewable energy sources in the transportation sector as well as other off-grid applications. Battery and fuel cells are promising alternatives owing to high efficiency and low (even zero) local emissions. However, they are limited by either the low capacity or sluggish dynamic response. These shortcomings can be overcome by the hybridization of battery and fuel cells, which have been the focus of leading international automotive and shipbuilding companies. This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation and comparison of different hybrid systems of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell with battery and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with battery for mobility and other off-grid applications from perspectives of system configurations, technical specifications, energy management strategies, and experimental validation. With the existing issues and corresponding solving strategies highlighted, the suggestions for designing high-performance fuel cell hybrid power systems are concluded accordingly. This review can serve as a reference and guide to advance the development of the fuel cell and battery hybrid power systems for mobility and off-grid applications.

由于内燃机车辆的持续增长，运输行业对化石燃料的全球需求正在迅速增长。这导致了严重的环境问题，包括温室气体排放和空气质量恶化。因此，有必要增加交通领域以及其他离网应用中可再生能源的使用。电池和燃料电池由于其高效率和低（甚至为零）的局部排放而成为有前途的替代产品。但是，它们受到容量低或动态响应缓慢的限制。这些缺点可以通过电池和燃料电池的混合来克服，这一直是国际领先的汽车和造船公司的重点。本文从系统配置，技术规格，能源管理策略和实验性的角度，对带电池的质子交换膜燃料电池和带电池的固体氧化物燃料电池的混合动力系统进行了综合评估和比较，以用于移动性和其他离网应用验证。针对当前存在的问题和相应的解决策略，提出了设计高性能燃料电池混合动力系统的建议。这篇评论可以作为参考和指导，以促进用于移动性和离网应用的燃料电池和电池混合动力系统的开发。