Abstract The Si@SiC@Si3N4 composites with core-shell structure were synthesized by a catalytic nitridation method, Si powder and phenolic resin were used as the raw materials, ferric nitrate was used as the catalyst. The effect of catalyst content on synthetic powders was investigated. The results indicated that when no catalyst was added, a small amount of whiskers were formed on the surface of the Si powder. The addition of the catalyst could effectively promote the formation of SiC and Si3N4, and a double-layer core-shell structure was formed in which the inner shell is a SiC plate and the outer shell is a Si3N4 whisker. However, excessive addition of the catalyst caused the resulting Si3N4 whiskers to distorted and intertwined. The prepared composite materials (5 wt% catalyst) exhibited good rate capability and a specific capacitance of approximately 200 F/g at 0.5–3 A/g. Finally, the possible formation mechanism of this core-shell structure was proposed.

中文翻译：

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具有核壳结构的Si@SiC板@Si3N4晶须的可控合成及其电化学性能

摘要 以Si粉和酚醛树脂为原料，硝酸铁为催化剂，采用催化氮化法合成了具有核壳结构的Si@SiC@Si3N4复合材料。研究了催化剂含量对合成粉末的影响。结果表明，当不添加催化剂时，硅粉表面有少量晶须形成。催化剂的加入可有效促进SiC和Si3N4的形成，形成内壳为SiC板，外壳为Si3N4晶须的双层核壳结构。然而，过量添加催化剂会导致生成的 Si3N4 晶须扭曲和缠绕。制备的复合材料（5 wt% 催化剂）表现出良好的倍率性能和在 0.5-3 A/g 下的比电容约为 200 F/g。最后，提出了这种核壳结构的可能形成机制。