Abstract The commuters’ circulation space in the multimodal transport interchanges comprises of a network of pathways and stairways and meant for the efficient transit of commuters from one mode to another transport mode. Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) - Report 165 guidelines for the design of commuters’ circulation space in multimodal transport interchanges has several shortcomings. To aid the designers of multimodal transport interchanges, a Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) framework using Phase-Type (PH) distribution is developed for the analysis of commuters’ circulation space, based on commuters’ flow–density​ relationship. The performance measures such as average area occupied per commuters, blocking probability, average sojourn time and throughput are computed. The DES framework is then coupled with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to create a hybrid DES-PSO framework for the design of commuters’ circulation space under a required Level of Service (LOS). Experimental results show that the optimized widths are highly affected by both commuters’ arrival rates and randomness in the arrival flow. The commuters’ flow–density relationship considers both congested and uncongested conditions and therefore gives higher optimized width. The upstream stairways resulted in larger widths than elevated passageways due to slower movement of commuters. The sensitivity analysis under several factors reveals that commuters’ arrival rate and widths of the circulation space are highly dominant factors while the lengths of circulation space do not show any vital impact on performance measure values.

中文翻译：

---

混合 DES-PSO 框架设计多式联运交汇处的通勤者流通空间

摘要 多式联运交汇处的通勤者流通空间由通道和楼梯网络组成，旨在实现通勤者从一种交通方式到另一种交通方式的高效换乘。Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) - 报告 165 多式联运交汇处通勤者流通空间设计指南有几个缺点。为了帮助多式联运交汇处的设计者，我们开发了一种使用相位类型 (PH) 分布的离散事件模拟 (DES) 框架，用于基于通勤者的流量-密度关系分析通勤者的流通空间。计算每个通勤者的平均占用面积、阻塞概率、平均逗留时间和吞吐量等性能指标。然后，DES 框架与粒子群优化 (PSO) 相结合，创建一个混合 DES-PSO 框架，用于在所需服务水平 (LOS) 下设计通勤者的流通空间。实验结果表明，优化的宽度受通勤者到达率和到达流随机性的影响很大。通勤者的流量-密度关系考虑了拥挤和不拥挤的情况，因此给出了更高的优化宽度。由于通勤者的移动速度较慢，上游楼梯的宽度大于高架通道。几个因素下的敏感性分析表明，通勤者的到达率和流通空间的宽度是高度主导因素，而流通空间的长度对绩效衡量值没有表现出任何重要的影响。