Abstract Cu/graphene hybrid films which function as both p-type and n-type transparent conducting electrodes were utilized in conventional and inverted organic solar cells. The value of sheet resistance decreased to ∼75 Ω/sq for Cu/graphene hybrid films with an optimum thickness of 7 nm of Cu, which constitutes a dramatic improvement compared to graphene alone (∼180 Ω/sq). Meanwhile, the work functions of the Cu/graphene hybrid electrodes can also be controlled through the range of 4.84–4.95 eV by changing the amount of Cu which was thermally deposited on top of the graphene layer. In addition, the Cu/graphene films showed wrinkle features with the root-mean-square (RMS) roughness ranging from 1.9–5.8 nm and RMS currents are nearly doubled as a function of the thickness of Cu deposition (∼30 nA) by using atomic force microscope (AFM) and conductive-AFM (C-AFM) measurements. Conventional and inverted organic solar cells with 3 nm Cu/graphene hybrid electrodes showed 1.4 and 4.5 times larger power conversion efficiencies (PCE), respectively, than those of the devices with pristine graphene electrodes.

中文翻译：

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用于有机光伏器件的铜/石墨烯混合透明导电电极

摘要 Cu/石墨烯杂化膜同时用作 p 型和 n 型透明导电电极，被用于常规和倒置有机太阳能电池中。对于Cu/石墨烯混合薄膜，Cu/石墨烯混合薄膜的薄层电阻值降低至~75 Ω/sq，Cu 的最佳厚度为7 nm，与单独的石墨烯（~180 Ω/sq）相比，这是一个显着的改进。同时，通过改变热沉积在石墨烯层顶部的 Cu 量，也可以将 Cu/石墨烯混合电极的功函数控制在 4.84-4.95 eV 的范围内。此外，Cu/石墨烯薄膜显示出皱纹特征，均方根 (RMS) 粗糙度范围为 1.9-5。通过使用原子力显微镜 (AFM) 和导电 AFM (C-AFM) 测量，8 nm 和 RMS 电流几乎翻倍，作为 Cu 沉积厚度 (~30 nA) 的函数。具有 3 nm Cu/石墨烯混合电极的传统和倒置有机太阳能电池的功率转换效率 (PCE) 分别比具有原始石墨烯电极的器件高 1.4 倍和 4.5 倍。