Abstract

The study and analysis of dust nano- and microparticles are necessary in the estimation of anthropogenic load on the environment and the determination of the sources of pollution in urban ecosystems. In this work, an approach based on a multistage membrane filtration method is proposed for assessing the contribution of a metallurgical enterprise to the pollution of nano- and microparticles in urban dust. The contribution of an aluminum smelter to dust pollution in Kandalaksha was estimated. The elemental composition of the initial dust samples was studied. The fractions of dust particles with sizes of <0.45, 0.45–2.5, and 2.5–10 μm were separated, characterized, and analyzed. The degrees of contamination of the dust samples and their size fractions were estimated based on the calculated dust enrichment factors (K_e) for elements characteristic of an aluminum smelter. A noticeable contribution (7.4%) of the smelter to dust pollution outside its territory was detected only in one of the test samples taken 200 m from the border of a sanitary protection zone of the enterprise. It was found that insignificant pollution was characteristic of urban dust size fractions of 0.45–2.5 and 2.5–10 μm (K_e 1.1–1.8). A contribution of the plant to pollution was not observed in a particle fraction of <0.45 μm (K_e 0.8–1.0).

中文翻译：

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冶金企业对城市粉尘污染贡献的估算中纳米和微粒的分离，表征和分析

摘要

对灰尘和纳米微粒的研究和分析对于估算环境对人为的负荷以及确定城市生态系统的污染源是必要的。在这项工作中，提出了一种基于多级膜过滤方法的方法，用于评估冶金企业对城市灰尘中纳米和微粒污染的贡献。估计了一个铝冶炼厂对坎达拉克沙粉尘污染的贡献。研究了初始粉尘样品的元素组成。分离，表征和分析尺寸分别为<0.45、0.45–2.5和2.5–10μm的灰尘颗粒部分。根据计算出的粉尘富集系数（K）估算粉尘样品的污染程度及其大小分数。_e）铝冶炼厂的特征元素。仅在距离企业卫生保护区边界200 m的一个测试样本中发现该冶炼厂对其粉尘污染的显着贡献（7.4％）。结果发现，不显着污染是的0.45-2.5和2.5-10微米（城市灰尘的粒度级分的特性ķ _ë 1.1-1.8）。<0.45μm（K _e 0.8–1.0）的颗粒分数未观察到植物对污染的贡献。