Maximizing the full coverage lifetime over a predefined set of target points (TPs) is one of the most fundamental functions in wireless sensor networks. However, coverage performance is challenging to maintain due to the energy consumption of self-contained sensor nodes (SNs). Therefore, in this paper, we propose an energy-efficient distributed algorithm for target-coverage preservation (DATCP) that can rotate a group of SNs for the monitoring task in each time slot based on cover sets and the remaining energy to ensure preservation of coverage. Specifically, we first propose a novel SN clustering algorithm based on the location of the TPs to reduce the number of control messages. Next, we introduce a cover set construction algorithm to group SNs that can cover all TPs in a cluster. In addition, our approach considers the capability of multihop communication to improve the energy efficiency in the network. The results of extensive experiments show that substantial improvements in full coverage lifetime and energy efficiency compared to existing algorithms are obtained by our proposed algorithm: the full coverage lifetime can be enhanced more than 30 % compared to that of other approaches.

在预定义的一组目标点（TP）上最大化整个覆盖范围的寿命是无线传感器网络中最基本的功能之一。但是，由于自包含传感器节点（SN）的能耗，难以维持覆盖性能。因此，在本文中，我们提出了一种高效的目标覆盖保护分布式算法（DATCP），该算法可以根据覆盖集和剩余能量旋转每个时隙中用于监视任务的一组SN，以确保覆盖范围的保持。具体来说，我们首先根据TP的位置提出一种新颖的SN聚类算法，以减少控制消息的数量。接下来，我们介绍一种覆盖集构建算法，以对可以覆盖集群中所有TP的SN进行分组。此外，我们的方法考虑了多跳通信提高网络能源效率的能力。大量实验的结果表明，通过我们提出的算法，与现有算法相比，全覆盖寿命和能源效率有了实质性的提高：与其他方法相比，全覆盖寿命可以提高30％以上。