The incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles into thin film composite forward osmosis (TFC FO) membranes is an effective method to alleviate internal concentration polarization (ICP) and enhance the flux performance of the FO membrane. In this paper, synthetic hydrophilic rod-like porous nano-hydroxyapatites (PNHAs) were doped into polysulfone (PSf) casting solution to form support layer by phase inversion; further interfacial polymerization was carried out to prepare a high performance TFC FO membrane. The results showed that the incorporation of PNHAs not only improved the thickness, porosity, hydrophilicity, and connectivity of the support layer, but also enhanced the roughness of the active layer. The measured mass transfer parameters prove that these improvements were beneficial. Further FO experiments showed that when using deionized water as the feed solution and 1mol/L NaCl as the draw solution, TFN 0.75 showed higher water flux than TFC FO membrane in both AL-FS (18.5 vs 7.16 L/m2·h) and AL-DS (33.26 vs 9.93 L/m2·h) modes. Reverse salt flux had not increased significantly. At the same time, TFN 0.75 (697 μm vs 1,960 μm) showed the smallest structural parameter. This study shows that PNHA is a suitable nanomaterial for mitigating the ICP effect of FO membranes.

中文翻译：

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多孔纳米羟基磷灰石掺杂到薄膜复合正渗透膜基材中以显示高性能

将无机纳米粒子掺入薄膜复合正向渗透 (TFC FO) 膜中是减轻内部浓差极化 (ICP) 并提高 FO 膜通量性能的有效方法。本文将合成的亲水棒状多孔纳米羟基磷灰石（PNHAs）掺杂到聚砜（PSf）浇铸溶液中，通过相转化形成支撑层；进一步进行界面聚合以制备高性能 TFC FO 膜。结果表明，PNHAs的掺入不仅提高了支撑层的厚度、孔隙率、亲水性和连通性，而且提高了活性层的粗糙度。测量的传质参数证明这些改进是有益的。进一步的 FO 实验表明，当使用去离子水作为进料溶液和 1mol/L NaCl 作为汲取溶液时，在 AL-FS（18.5 vs 7.16 L/m2·h）和 AL 中，TFN 0.75 显示出比 TFC FO 膜更高的水通量-DS（33.26 对 9.93 L/m2·h）模式。反向盐通量没有显着增加。同时，TFN 0.75（697 μm vs 1,960 μm）显示出最小的结构参数。该研究表明，PNHA 是一种适合减轻 FO 膜 ICP 效应的纳米材料。