Understanding and reducing defects formed during continuous casting of steel are challenging because of the many inter-related, multiscale phenomena and process parameters involved in this complex process. Solidification occurs in the presence of turbulent multiphase flow, transport and capture of particles, superheat transport, and thermal–mechanical behavior. The application of electromagnetic fields provides an additional parameter to control these phenomena to reduce solidification defects. It is especially attractive because the field has the potential to be easily adjusted during casting to accommodate different casting conditions. This article briefly reviews how electromagnetic forces affect solidification defects, including subsurface hooks, particle capture, deep oscillation marks, depressions, cracks, breakouts, segregation, and shrinkage. This includes the related effects on superheat transport, initial solidification, surface quality, grain structure, internal quality, and steel composition distribution. Finally, some practical strategies regarding how to apply electromagnetics to improve steel quality are evaluated.

中文翻译：

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钢连铸凝固缺陷形成的电磁效应

由于这一复杂过程涉及许多相互关联的多尺度现象和工艺参数，因此了解和减少钢连铸过程中形成的缺陷具有挑战性。凝固发生在湍流多相流、颗粒的传输和捕获、过热传输和热-机械行为的存在下。电磁场的应用提供了控制这些现象以减少凝固缺陷的附加参数。它特别有吸引力，因为该场有可能在铸造过程中轻松调整以适应不同的铸造条件。本文简要回顾了电磁力如何影响凝固缺陷，包括表面下的钩状、颗粒捕获、深振荡痕迹、凹陷、裂纹、漏钢、偏析、和收缩。这包括对过热传输、初始凝固、表面质量、晶粒结构、内部质量和钢成分分布的相关影响。最后，评估了一些关于如何应用电磁学来提高钢质量的实用策略。