Gökpınar spring is one of the most important drinking water resources of Denizli city (Turkey), covering more than one third of the water need of the municipality. In this paper, we present a combination of geophysical methods in order to define the groundwater flow paths in Gökpınar spring region. The spring of Gökpınar is a result of the Fault-fracture network formed during the tectonic events which took place in the study area. This fault and fracture system present in the Gökpınar spring zone are characterized by the Cankurtaran fault in the east and Babadağ fault in the south. To highlight the main directions of the groundwater flows feeding Gökpınar spring, an electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) survey was carried out in the study area. The results obtained from this survey have been confirmed by a frequency domain electromagnetic (FEM) survey carried out along four profiles in addition to four ground penetrating radar profiles (GPR) profiles. The comparison of the two auxiliary methods with the ERT profiles allowed a better understanding of the groundwater movements. The ERT data was collected along six profiles corresponding to Wenner–Schlumberger array and located predominantly in the southern and eastern parts of the spring surrounding area. In order to confirm the hypothesis from the interpretation of the ERT profiles, two simplified different scenarios were numerically and experimentally considered. The results of the combined methods have ultimately led to define the main direction of groundwater flows feeding the Gökpınar spring, which is related to four factors: The Fault-Fracture network, karstic features, the topography, and deep groundwater. Efficiency of the combined geophysical methods in groundwater flow determination. Groundwater flow direction was found to be related to the Fault-fracture network in the study area. Numerical and analog models were representative of the field results. Efficiency of the combined geophysical methods in groundwater flow determination. Groundwater flow direction was found to be related to the Fault-fracture network in the study area. Numerical and analog models were representative of the field results.

中文翻译：

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使用地球物理技术区分在构造应力下形成的破裂岩石含水层中的地下水流径：Cankurtaran 盆地，代尼兹利，土耳其

Gökpınar 泉是代尼兹利市（土耳其）最重要的饮用水资源之一，满足该市三分之一以上的用水需求。在本文中，我们提出了地球物理方法的组合，以定义 Gökpınar 泉区的地下水流动路径。Gökpınar 的泉水是在研究区发生的构造事件期间形成的断层断裂网络的结果。Gökpınar 泉带中存在的断层和断裂系统的特点是东部的 Cankurtaran 断层和南部的 Babadağ 断层。为了突出提供 Gökpınar 泉的地下水流的主要方向，在研究区域进行了电阻率断层扫描 (ERT) 调查。除了四个探地雷达剖面 (GPR) 剖面外，沿四个剖面进行的频域电磁 (FEM) 调查也证实了从这次调查中获得的结果。将两种辅助方法与 ERT 剖面进行比较，可以更好地了解地下水运动。ERT 数据沿对应于 Wenner-Schlumberger 阵列的六个剖面收集，主要位于春季周边地区的南部和东部。为了从 ERT 配置文件的解释中确认假设，在数值和实验上考虑了两种简化的不同场景。组合方法的结果最终确定了注入 Gökpınar 泉的地下水流的主要方向，这与四个因素有关：断层-裂缝网络、岩溶特征、地形和深层地下水。组合地球物理方法在地下水流量测定中的效率。发现地下水流向与研究区的断层-裂缝网络有关。数值和模拟模型代表了现场结果。组合地球物理方法在地下水流量测定中的效率。发现地下水流向与研究区的断层-裂缝网络有关。数值和模拟模型代表了现场结果。数值和模拟模型代表了现场结果。组合地球物理方法在地下水流量测定中的效率。发现地下水流向与研究区的断层-裂缝网络有关。数值和模拟模型代表了现场结果。数值和模拟模型代表了现场结果。组合地球物理方法在地下水流量测定中的效率。发现地下水流向与研究区的断层-裂缝网络有关。数值和模拟模型代表了现场结果。