Geothermal district heating development has been gaining momentum in Europe with numerous deep geothermal installations and projects currently under development. With the increasing density of geothermal wells, questions related to the optimal and sustainable reservoir exploitation become more and more important. A quantitative understanding of the complex thermo-hydraulic interaction between tightly deployed geothermal wells in heterogeneous temperature and permeability fields is key for a maximum sustainable use of geothermal resources. Motivated by the geological settings of the Upper Jurassic aquifer in the Greater Munich region, we develop a computational model based on finite element analysis and gradient-free optimization to simulate groundwater flow and heat transport in hot sedimentary aquifers, and numerically investigate the optimal positioning and spacing of multi-well systems. Based on our numerical simulations, net energy production from deep geothermal reservoirs in sedimentary basins by smart geothermal multi-well arrangements provides significant amounts of energy to meet heat demand in highly urbanized regions. Our results show that taking into account heterogeneous permeability structures and a variable reservoir temperature may drastically affect the results in the optimal configuration. We demonstrate that the proposed numerical framework is able to efficiently handle generic geometrical and geological configurations, and can be thus flexibly used in the context of multi-variable optimization problems. Hence, this numerical framework can be used to assess the extractable geothermal energy from heterogeneous deep geothermal reservoirs by the optimized deployment of smart multi-well systems.

在欧洲，地热集中供热的发展势头强劲，目前正在开发许多深层地热装置和项目。随着地热井密度的增加，与最优，可持续的油藏开发有关的问题变得越来越重要。定量了解在非均质温度和渗透率领域中紧密部署的地热井之间复杂的热工水力相互作用是最大程度地可持续利用地热资源的关键。受大慕尼黑地区上侏罗统含水层的地质环境影响，我们开发了基于有限元分析和无梯度优化的计算模型，以模拟高温沉积含水层中的地下水流动和热传输，并数值研究了多孔系统的最佳定位和间距。根据我们的数值模拟，通过智能地热多井布置，沉积盆地深层地热储层产生的净能量可提供大量能量，以满足高度城市化地区的热需求。我们的结果表明，考虑到非均质的渗透性结构和可变的储层温度，可能会对最佳构造的结果产生重大影响。我们证明了提出的数值框架能够有效地处理通用的几何和地质构造，因此可以在多变量优化问题的上下文中灵活使用。因此，