Diabetic retinopathy, the most common complication of diabetes, is a neurodegenerative disease in the eye. And Parkinson's disease, affecting the health of 1–2% of people over 60 years old throughout the world, is the second largest neurodegenerative disease in the brain. As the understanding of diabetic retinopathy and Parkinson's disease deepens, the two diseases are found to show correlation in incidence, similarity in clinical presentation, and close association in pathophysiological mechanisms. To reveal the association between pathophysiological mechanisms of the two disease, in this review, the shared pathophysiological factors of diabetic retinopathy and Parkinson's disease are summarized and classified into dopaminergic system, circadian rhythm, neurotrophic factors, α-synuclein, and Wnt signaling pathways. Furthermore, similar and different mechanisms so far as the shared pathophysiological factors of the two disorders are discussed systematically. Finally, a brief summary and new perspectives are presented to provide new directions for further efforts on the association, exploration, and clinical prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy and Parkinson's disease.

糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病最常见的并发症，是一种眼部神经退行性疾病。帕金森病影响全世界 1-2% 的 60 岁以上人群的健康，是大脑中第二大神经退行性疾病。随着对糖尿病视网膜病变和帕金森病认识的加深，发现这两种疾病的发病率存在相关性，临床表现相似，病理生理机制密切相关。为了揭示这两种疾病的病理生理机制之间的关联，本综述总结了糖尿病视网膜病变和帕金森病的共同病理生理因素，并将其分类为多巴胺能系统、昼夜节律、神经营养因子、α-突触核蛋白和Wnt信号通路。此外，就这两种疾病的共同病理生理因素而言，相似和不同的机制进行了系统的讨论。最后进行简要总结和新观点，为进一步开展糖尿病视网膜病变与帕金森病的关联、探索和临床防治提供新的方向。