Open Biology ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-09-02 , DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200192 Suhani B Bhakta 1 , Jose A Moran 1 , Frances Mercer 1
Trichomoniasis is the third most common sexually transmitted infection in humans and is caused by the protozoan parasite, Trichomonas vaginalis (Tv). Pathogenic outcomes are more common in women and generally include mild vaginitis or cervicitis. However, more serious effects associated with trichomoniasis include adverse reproductive outcomes. Like other infectious agents, pathogenesis from Tv infection is predicted to be the result of both parasite and host factors. At the site of infection, neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells present and probably play key roles in both parasite clearance and inflammatory pathology. Here, we discuss the evidence that neutrophils home to the site of Tv infection, kill the parasite, and that in some circumstances, parasites possibly evade neutrophil-directed killing. In vitro, the parasite is killed by neutrophils using a novel antimicrobial mechanism called trogocytosis, which probably involves both innate and adaptive immunity. While mechanisms of evasion are mostly conjecture at present, the persistence of Tv infections in patients argues strongly for their existence. Additionally, many strains of Tv harbour microbial symbionts Mycoplasma hominis or Trichomonasvirus, which are both predicted to impact neutrophil responses against the parasite. Novel research tools, especially animal models, will help to reveal the true outcomes of many factors involved in neutrophil-Tv interactions during trichomoniasis.
中文翻译:
中性粒细胞与性传播寄生虫阴道毛滴虫的相互作用:对免疫和发病机制的影响。
滴虫病是人类第三大最常见的性传播感染,由原生动物寄生虫阴道毛滴虫( Tv ) 引起。致病性结果在女性中更为常见,通常包括轻度阴道炎或宫颈炎。然而,与滴虫病相关的更严重的影响包括不利的生殖结果。与其他传染源一样,电视感染的发病机制预计是寄生虫和宿主因素的结果。在感染部位,中性粒细胞是最丰富的免疫细胞,可能在寄生虫清除和炎症病理中起关键作用。在这里,我们讨论中性粒细胞位于Tv位置的证据感染,杀死寄生虫,并且在某些情况下,寄生虫可能会逃避中性粒细胞的杀戮。在体外,中性粒细胞使用称为吞噬作用的新型抗菌机制杀死寄生虫,这可能涉及先天免疫和适应性免疫。虽然目前逃避机制大多是猜测,但患者中持续存在的电视感染有力地证明了它们的存在。此外,许多Tv菌株含有微生物共生体人支原体或毛滴虫病毒,预计它们都会影响中性粒细胞对寄生虫的反应。新的研究工具,尤其是动物模型,将有助于揭示滴虫病期间中性粒细胞与电视相互作用所涉及的许多因素的真实结果。