Carbon dioxide (CO₂), being an important greenhouse gas (GHG) significantly present in Earth's atmosphere, has been increasing because of several anthropogenic activities leading to global warming. Globally, various efforts have been made to confront climate change, and various CO₂ capture and storage methods have been designed. This review aims at describing detailed studies about algae and the methods used by algae to capture and sequester carbon from the atmospheric environment. Algae exist in varied terrestrial and aqueous habitats. Under certain conditions, microalgae are potential accumulators of lipids, which act as a biofuel. Algal biofuel production promotes carbon sequestration and future energy production. This review explicates the opportunities and challenges for biological systems in CO₂ sequestration by algae. In addition, the CO₂ fixation by algae is explored and leading biochemical channels and enzymes involved in it are studied.

中文翻译：

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藻类控制的缓解全球碳排放的生化途径：综述

二氧化碳（CO ₂）是一种显着存在于地球大气中的重要温室气体（GHG），由于一些导致全球变暖的人为活动而一直在增加。在全球范围内，已经做出各种努力来应对气候变化，并且各种CO ₂已经设计了捕获和存储方法。这篇综述旨在描述有关藻类的详细研究以及藻类从大气环境中捕获和隔离碳的方法。藻类存在于各种陆地和水生生境中。在某些条件下，微藻类可能是脂质的潜在蓄积体，它们起着生物燃料的作用。藻类生物燃料的生产促进了碳固存和未来的能源生产。这篇评论阐明了藻类隔离CO _2的生物系统的机遇和挑战。此外，还研究了藻类对CO _2的固定作用，并研究了藻类固定的主要生化通道和酶。