Modified nucleic acids, also called xeno nucleic acids (XNAs), offer a variety of advantages for biotechnological applications and address some of the limitations of first-generation nucleic acid therapeutics. Indeed, several therapeutics based on modified nucleic acids have recently been approved and many more are under clinical evaluation. XNAs can provide increased biostability and furthermore are now increasingly amenable to in vitro evolution, accelerating lead discovery. Here, we review the most recent discoveries in this dynamic field with a focus on progress in the enzymatic replication and functional exploration of XNAs.

中文翻译：

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修饰的核酸：复制，进化和下一代疗法。

修饰的核酸（也称为异种核酸（XNA））为生物技术应用提供了多种优势，并解决了第一代核酸治疗方法的某些局限性。实际上，最近已经批准了几种基于修饰核酸的疗法，并且更多的疗法正在临床评估中。XNA可以提供更高的生物稳定性，而且现在越来越适合于体外进化，从而加快了线索的发现。在这里，我们回顾此动态领域中的最新发现，重点是XNA的酶复制和功能探索方面的进展。