Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease worldwide, but its cause remains unclear. Although a few drugs can provide temporary and partial relief of symptoms in some patients, no curative treatment is available. Therefore, attention has been focused on research using stem cells to treat AD. Among stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used to treat the related pathologies in animal models of AD, and other neurodegenerative disease. This review describes latest research trends on the use of MSC-based therapies in AD and its action of mechanism. MSCs have several beneficial effects. They would be specified as the reduction of neuroinflammation, the elimination of amyloid-β, neurofibrillary tangles, and abnormal protein degradation, the promotion of autophagy-associated and blood-brain barrier recoveries, the upregulation of acetylcholine levels, improved cognition, and the recovery of mitochondrial transport. Therefore, this review describes the latest research trends in MSC-based therapy for AD by demonstrating the importance of MSC-based therapy and understanding of its mechanisms in AD and discusses the limitations and perspectives of stem cell therapy in AD.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞疗法和阿尔茨海默氏病：现状和未来展望

阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）是全世界最常见的进行性神经退行性疾病，但其病因尚不清楚。尽管一些药物可以使部分患者的症状暂时和部分缓解，但尚无治疗方法。因此，注意力已经集中在使用干细胞治疗AD的研究上。在干细胞中，间充质干细胞（MSCs）已用于治疗AD和其他神经退行性疾病动物模型中的相关病理。这篇综述描述了基于MSC的疗法在AD中的使用及其机制作用的最新研究趋势。MSC具有几个有益的作用。它们被指定为减少神经炎症，消除β淀粉样蛋白，神经原纤维缠结和异常蛋白质降解，促进自噬相关和血脑屏障的恢复，乙酰胆碱水平的上调，认知的改善以及线粒体运输的恢复。因此，本综述通过展示基于MSC的疗法的重要性并了解其在AD中的作用机理来描述基于MSC的AD治疗的最新研究趋势，并讨论了干细胞疗法在AD中的局限性和前景。