Many recent studies found signatures of motor learning in neural beta oscillations (13–30 Hz), and specifically in the post-movement beta rebound (PMBR). All these studies were in controlled laboratory-tasks in which the task designed to induce the studied learning mechanism. Interestingly, these studies reported opposing dynamics of the PMBR magnitude over learning for the error-based and reward-based tasks (increase vs. decrease, respectively). Here, we explored the PMBR dynamics during real-world motor-skill-learning in a billiards task using mobile-brain-imaging. Our EEG recordings highlight the opposing dynamics of PMBR magnitudes (increase vs. decrease) between different subjects performing the same task. The groups of subjects, defined by their neural dynamics, also showed behavioral differences expected for different learning mechanisms. Our results suggest that when faced with the complexity of the real-world different subjects might use different learning mechanisms for the same complex task. We speculate that all subjects combine multi-modal mechanisms of learning, but different subjects have different predominant learning mechanisms.

中文翻译：

---

大脑活动揭示了现实世界任务中的多种运动学习机制

最近的许多研究发现神经β振荡（13-30Hz）中运动学习的特征，特别是运动后β反弹（PMBR）。所有这些研究都是在受控的实验室任务中进行的，其中任务旨在诱导所研究的学习机制。有趣的是，这些研究报告了基于错误和基于奖励的任务学习中 PMBR 大小的相反动态（分别是增加与减少）。在这里，我们使用移动大脑成像探索了台球任务中真实运动技能学习过程中的 PMBR 动态。我们的脑电图记录强调了执行相同任务的不同受试者之间 PMBR 幅度的相反动态（增加与减少）。由神经动力学定义的受试者组也表现出不同学习机制所预期的行为差异。我们的结果表明，当面对现实世界的复杂性时，不同的主体可能会使用不同的学习机制来完成相同的复杂任务。我们推测所有科目都结合了多模式学习机制，但不同科目有不同的主要学习机制。