Background: Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis (CSVT) is a relatively rare, potentially fatal neurological condition that can be frequently overlooked due to the vague nature of its clinical and radiological presentation. A literature search on PubMed using the keyword “Cerebral sinus venous thrombosis” was performed. We searched for the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of CSVT. All full-text articles in the last 10 years, in adults (>18 years), and the English language were included. We aim to give a comprehensive review of CSVT, with a primary focus on the management of the disease. Summary: The literature search revealed 404 articles that met our criteria. CSVT is a relatively rare condition that accounts for approximately 1% of all forms of stroke. They can be subdivided into acute, subacute, and chronic forms based on the time of onset of clinical symptoms. It is a multifactorial disease, and the major forms of clinical presentation include isolated intracranial hypertension syndrome, focal neurological deficits, and cavernous sinus syndrome. MRI with magnetic resonance venogram (MRV) is considered the gold standard for diagnosis. Anticoagulation with heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin is the mainstay of treatment. Endovascular management is indicated for those cases with severe symptoms or worsening of symptoms despite anticoagulation therapy. Favorable outcomes have been reported in patients who receive early diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: CSVT is a potentially fatal neurological condition that is often under-diagnosed due to its nonspecific presentation. Timely diagnosis and treatment can reduce morbidity and mortality, remarkably improving the outcome in affected individuals.

中文翻译：

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脑静脉血栓形成：综合回顾

背景：脑窦静脉血栓形成 (CSVT) 是一种相对罕见的、可能致命的神经系统疾病，由于其临床和放射学表现的模糊性，经常被忽视。使用关键字“脑窦静脉血栓形成”在 PubMed 上进行了文献检索。我们检索了 CSVT 的流行病学、危险因素、病理生理学、临床特征、诊断和治疗。包括过去 10 年中成人（>18 岁）和英语的所有全文文章。我们的目标是对 CSVT 进行全面审查，主要关注疾病的管理。摘要：文献检索显示了 404 篇符合我们标准的文章。CSVT 是一种相对罕见的疾病，约占所有中风形式的 1%。它们可以细分为急性、基于临床症状出现时间的亚急性和慢性形式。它是一种多因素疾病，临床表现的主要形式包括孤立性颅内高压综合征、局灶性神经功能缺损和海绵窦综合征。带有磁共振静脉造影 (MRV) 的 MRI 被认为是诊断的金标准。肝素或低分子肝素抗凝是主要的治疗方法。血管内治疗适用于抗凝治疗后症状严重或症状恶化的病例。在接受早期诊断和治疗的患者中已经报告了良好的结果。结论：CSVT 是一种潜在致命的神经系统疾病，由于其非特异性表现，经常被漏诊。