Pain is a major source of global suffering, with women bearing the greatest burden. Alongside biology, psychological and social factors, including gender, help explain these differences. However, there has been no direct attempt to develop a unified social psychological model of men and women’s pain. By drawing on approaches to both gender and pain, a gender context model of pain is presented. It proposes that pain is partly influenced by the gender context in which it occurs, which operates at both individual and interpersonal levels. The model is used to structure an appraisal of the existing evidence around gender and pain, and explore whether the model helps explain why such variation occurs. It is argued that despite evidence for an association between gender and pain, there are empirical gaps that need to be addressed. Implications and directions for future investigations into sex, gender and pain are considered.

疼痛是全球痛苦的主要来源，女性承受的负担最大。除了生物学之外，包括性别在内的心理和社会因素也有助于解释这些差异。然而，目前还没有直接尝试建立一个统一的男性和女性疼痛的社会心理模型。通过借鉴性别和疼痛的方法，提出了疼痛的性别背景模型。它提出疼痛在一定程度上受到其发生的性别背景的影响，这种影响在个人和人际关系层面都起作用。该模型用于构建对围绕性别和疼痛的现有证据的评估，并探索该模型是否有助于解释为什么会发生这种变化。有人认为，尽管有证据表明性别与疼痛之间存在关联，但仍存在需要解决的经验差距。