Cooperation is vital for modern society. Previous studies showed that procedural fairness promotes cooperation; however, they mainly focused on cooperation intention, which may fail to reveal actual cooperative behaviour. Moreover, little is known regarding the personality boundary of the effect of procedural fairness on cooperation. Guided by previous findings that self-esteem increases sensitivity to procedural unfairness, we attempted to explore the moderating effect of self-esteem on the association between procedural fairness and cooperative behaviour. In Experiment 1, 160 participants' self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale; procedural fairness was manipulated in two conditions, depending on whether money was allocated in an economic game by rolling the dice twice or an allocator's arbitrary choice. Cooperative behaviour was assessed using the chicken game paradigm. Experiment 2 (148 participants) aimed to replicate and extend the results of Experiment 1 using a more rigorous experimental design, in which the possible effect of outcome favourability was excluded. The results of both experiments consistently showed that procedural fairness positively predicted cooperative behaviour, and this association was significant in high-self-esteem individuals, but not in low-self-esteem individuals. These findings shed light on the vital role of self-esteem in understanding the relationship between procedural fairness and cooperative behaviour.

中文翻译：

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程序公平可以预测高自尊个体的合作行为，但不能预测低自尊个体的合作行为

合作对于现代社会至关重要。以往的研究表明，程序公平促进合作；然而，他们主要关注合作意向，这可能无法揭示实际的合作行为。此外，关于程序公平对合作影响的人格边界知之甚少。在之前的研究结果的指导下，自尊会增加对程序不公平的敏感性，我们试图探索自尊对程序公平和合作行为之间关联的调节作用。在实验 1 中，使用 Rosenberg 自尊量表测量了 160 名参与者的自尊；程序公平在两种情况下被操纵，这取决于金钱是通过掷骰子两次还是分配者的任意选择在经济游戏中分配。使用鸡游戏范式评估合作行为。实验 2（148 名参与者）旨在使用更严格的实验设计复制和扩展实验 1 的结果，其中排除了结果有利的可能影响。两个实验的结果一致表明，程序公平积极预测合作行为，这种关联在高自尊的个体中显着，但在低自尊的个体中不显着。这些发现阐明了自尊在理解程序公平与合作行为之间的关系中的重要作用。其中排除了结果有利的可能影响。两个实验的结果一致表明，程序公平积极预测合作行为，这种关联在高自尊的个体中显着，但在低自尊的个体中不显着。这些发现阐明了自尊在理解程序公平与合作行为之间的关系中的重要作用。其中排除了结果有利的可能影响。两个实验的结果一致表明，程序公平积极预测合作行为，这种关联在高自尊的个体中显着，但在低自尊的个体中不显着。这些发现阐明了自尊在理解程序公平与合作行为之间的关系中的重要作用。