Outgroup perpetrators of discrimination are perceived as more biased than ingroup perpetrators, potentially because perpetrator group membership drives inferences regarding their motivation to discriminate. Consequently, when outgroup perpetrators provide hostile justification, greater discrimination and illegitimacy will be perceived compared to when ingroup perpetrators do so. In contrast, benevolent justifications reduce differences in discrimination and illegitimacy perception for outgroup versus ingroup perpetrators. In two experiments (Ns = 243; 382) dealing with sexism and racism, results supported our reasoning that the perpetrator’s explicit justification moderates the influence of the perpetrator’s group membership on discrimination and illegitimacy perception. Results of a third experiment (N = 489) show that when no justifications are provided, the prototype effect on discrimination perception mirrors the prototype effect under hostile justification, but not under benevolent justification. The results are more mixed concerning perceived illegitimacy. We discuss the implications of these findings regarding the processes underlying the prototype effect.

中文翻译：

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性别歧视和种族主义观念：这取决于谁这样做，为什么

人们认为歧视的群体外肇事者比群体内肇事者更具偏见，这可能是因为犯罪者团体成员身份推动了人们对其歧视动机的推论。因此，与群体内犯罪者相比，当群体外犯罪者提供敌对辩解时，人们会感觉到更大的歧视和非合法性。相比之下，仁慈的辩护减少了群体外犯罪者和群体内犯罪者在歧视和非合法性观念上的差异。在涉及性别歧视和种族主义的两个实验（N s = 243; 382）中，结果支持了我们的推理，即犯罪者的明确辩解降低了犯罪者的团体成员资格对歧视和非婚生性观念的影响。第三次实验的结果（N = 489）表明，如果没有提供任何辩解，则对歧视感知的原型效应会在敌对辩护下（而非仁慈辩护下）反映出原型效应。关于感觉到的不合法性，结果更加复杂。我们讨论了这些发现对原型效应潜在过程的影响。