Neonatal seizures (NS) are the most frequent sign of neurological dysfunction in newborn infants. With increased survival of preterm neonates, the current clinical focus has shifted from preventing death to improving long-term neurological outcome. In the context of acute symptomatic NS, the main negative prognostic factors include etiology, and severity of brain injury, but also prolonged seizures and especially status epilepticus. However, the reasons for the detrimental contribution of seizures to outcome are still unclear, and evidence has been collected both in favor of seizures being an epiphenomenon of brain injury and of independently contributing to further damage. In this narrative focused review, we will discuss both hypotheses, with special emphasis on data relating to preterm infants. We will also identify present controversies and possible future lines of research.

中文翻译：

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将急性有症状的新生儿癫痫发作、脑损伤和早产儿的结果联系起来

新生儿癫痫发作 (NS) 是新生儿神经功能障碍的最常见症状。随着早产儿存活率的提高，目前的临床重点已从预防死亡转移到改善长期神经系统结果。在急性症状性 NS 的背景下，主要的负面预后因素包括病因和脑损伤的严重程度，以及长时间的癫痫发作，尤其是癫痫持续状态。然而，癫痫发作对结果产生不利影响的原因尚不清楚，并且已经收集到证据支持癫痫发作是脑损伤的附带现象和独立促成进一步损伤。在这篇以叙述为重点的综述中，我们将讨论这两种假设，并特别强调与早产儿相关的数据。