Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is the major methyltransferase (MT) catalyzing symmetric dimethylation (SDM). PRMT5 regulates developmental, homeostatic and disease processes in vertebrates and invertebrates, and a carcinogenic role has been observed in mammals. Recently, tools generated for PRMT5 loss of function have allowed researchers to demonstrate essential roles for PRMT5 in mouse and human lymphocyte biology. PRMT5 modulates CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell development in the thymus, peripheral homeostasis, and differentiation into CD4⁺ helper T lymphocyte (Th)17 cell phenotypes. Here, we provide a timely review of the milestones leading to our current understanding of PRMT5 in T cell biology, discuss current tools to modify PRMT5 expression/activity, and highlight mechanistic pathways.

蛋白质精氨酸甲基转移酶 5 (PRMT5) 是催化对称二甲基化 (SDM) 的主要甲基转移酶 (MT)。PRMT5 调节脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的发育、稳态和疾病过程，并且已在哺乳动物中观察到致癌作用。最近，为 PRMT5 功能丧失生成的工具使研究人员能够证明 PRMT5 在小鼠和人类淋巴细胞生物学中的重要作用。PRMT5 调节胸腺中 CD4 ⁺和 CD8 ⁺ T 细胞的发育、外周稳态和分化为 CD4 ⁺辅助 T 淋巴细胞 (Th)17 细胞表型。在这里，我们及时回顾了导致我们目前对 T 细胞生物学中 PRMT5 的理解的里程碑，讨论了当前修改 PRMT5 表达/活性的工具，并强调了机制途径。