Abstract The last decade has seen a noticeable advance in ocean protection through the creation of several LSMPAs which are largely driven by Aichi Target 11 under CBD. This paper uses the “Ocean grabbing framework” to assess the process preceding the announcement of a LSMPA in Rapa Nui, its rejection, the reformulation of the process and the ultimately successful establishment of a Multiple Uses Marine Protected Area (MUMPA). The assessment focused on: a) the quality of governance, b) the effects on livelihoods and human security, and 3) the potentially interlinked social and ecological impacts. The rejection of the initial LSMPA process was associated with lack of transparency, inadequate participatory processes, and lack of accountable decisionmaking all of which could have had adverse social and ecological outcomes and turned the LSMPA into an “ocean grab”. Factors that contributed were associated to inappropriate use of financing, political lobbying and pressure exerted by a NGO that tried to deploy its agenda disconnected from local indigenous interests. In a major turning point stemming from the vigorous local rejection of the initial LSMPA, a bottomup process led by a local institution (CODEIPA) and other Rapanui organizations, coordinated with the Chilean Government, resulted in an unprecedented participatory process ending in the creation of the largest MPA in the Americas, that will be comanaged by Rapanui people and the Chilean Government. It is hoped that the results of this analysis can contribute to the development of good practices in marine conservation worldwide, maximizing marine conservation outcomes and avoiding undesirable social and ecological impacts.

中文翻译：

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拉帕努伊海的大型海洋保护区：从海洋掠夺到合法性

摘要 在过去十年中，通过创建几个主要由 CBD 下的爱知目标 11 推动的 LSMPA，海洋保护取得了显着进步。本文使用“海洋抓取框架”来评估在 Rapa Nui 宣布 LSMPA 之前的过程、它的拒绝、过程的重新制定以及最终成功建立多用途海洋保护区 (MUMPA)。评估侧重于：a) 治理质量，b) 对生计和人类安全的影响，以及 3) 潜在的相互关联的社会和生态影响。最初的 LSMPA 过程被拒绝与缺乏透明度、参与过程不足、缺乏负责任的决策，所有这些都可能产生不利的社会和生态后果，并将 LSMPA 变成“海洋掠夺”。造成影响的因素与资金的不当使用、政治游说和非政府组织施加的压力有关，该非政府组织试图在与当地土著利益脱节的情况下部署其议程。由于当地强烈反对最初的 LSMPA，这是一个重大转折点，由当地机构 (CODEIPA) 和其他 Rapanui 组织领导的自下而上的过程与智利政府协调，导致了前所未有的参与过程，最终创建了美洲最大的海洋保护区，将由拉帕努伊人和智利政府共同管理。