Prodromal symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD) often arise in young age, especially in early adolescence. Several factors for early BPD onset have been identified to consent a precocious detection of high-risk population.

The present study is aimed: (1) to identify what psychopathological, traumatic, and functional factors are significantly associated to early onset in a sample of BPD patients and (2) to evaluate what factors are associated to the time interval between symptoms onset and first psychiatric visit (Δ age).

Participants were enrolled from BPD outpatients attending the Center for Personality Disorder of the University of Turin, Italy. Patients were tested with assessment instruments for specific BPD symptoms, exposure to traumatic experiences, global functioning, and perception of quality of life. All variables that were found significant at a bivariate analysis were included in two multiple regressions (stepwise backward), with the age of onset and the Δ age as dependent variables. Significance level was P ≤ 0.05.

Seventy patients were included in the study (68 completers). Factors that were found related to age of onset were: CTQ-SF emotional abuse (P = 0.001); ACE-IQ bully victimization (P = 0.005), alcohol/drug abuser in the household (P = 0.001), and physical neglect (P = 0.006); BIS non-planning impulsivity (P = 0.005); and SOFAS score (P = 0.033). Factors that were found related to Δ age were: ACE-IQ total score (P = 0.001) and BIS total score (P = 0.001).

Earlier onset of BPD is mainly associated to traumatic events, including abuse, neglect, dysfunction in household environment, and bullying. Earlier onset is also related to a worse social functioning. Among BPD symptoms only non-planning impulsivity was found associated to early onset. A higher number of traumatic events and worse impulsive dyscontrol induce a significant reduction of the time interval between onset and first psychiatric observation.

边缘型人格障碍（BPD）的前驱症状通常在年轻时出现，尤其是在青春期早期。已经确定了BPD早期发作的几个因素，可以早发现高危人群。

本研究的目的是：（1）识别哪些心理病理，创伤和功能因素与BPD患者样本的早期发作显着相关；（2）评估哪些因素与症状发作与首次发作之间的时间间隔相关精神病学访视（Δ年龄）。

参加者为来自意大利都灵大学人格障碍中心的BPD门诊患者。使用评估工具测试患者的BPD特定症状，接触创伤经历，整体功能以及生活质量感知。在双变量分析中发现重要的所有变量都包含在两个多元回归（逐步回归）中，其中发病年龄和Δ年龄为因变量。显着性水平P  ≤0.05。

这项研究包括了70名患者（68名完成者）。发现与发病年龄有关的因素有：CTQ-SF情绪虐待（P  = 0.001）；ACE-IQ欺负受害者（P  = 0.005），家庭中的饮酒/吸毒者（P  = 0.001）和身体疏忽（P  = 0.006）; BIS非计划冲动（P  = 0.005）; 和SOFAS得分（P  = 0.033）。发现与Δ年龄有关的因素是：ACE-IQ总分（P  = 0.001）和BIS总分（P  = 0.001）。

BPD的早期发作主要与创伤事件有关，包括虐待，忽视，家庭环境功能障碍和欺凌。较早发作还与较差的社会功能有关。在BPD症状中，仅发现非计划性冲动与早期发作有关。大量的创伤事件和较差的冲动失控导致发病时间和首次精神病学观察之间的时间间隔显着减少。