Abstract Guidelines for the design of 2D electrospray emitter arrays that operate at minimal emission onset voltage are established by analyzing the dependence of the emission onset voltage on key emitter dimensions. The electrostatic field, and resulting onset voltage, are determined numerically for different configurations. The relative permittivity of the medium surrounding the emitters is varied between 1 and 10 to consider two types of emitters: capillary emitters standing in vacuum, and capillary emitters embedded in a dielectric material. Results for single electrospray emitters are compared to those of an analytical model. Trends in the data imply minimal onset voltage when using dielectrics with low relative permittivity, small-diameter emitters tall enough to escape shielding from the surrounding features of the device, and a small extractor distance. However, these relationships are complex and are discussed in detail. The data also agrees with previous numerical research into arrays of emitters showing that at an emitter spacing of approximately 2.5 times the emitter height, shielding effects become negligible. These design guidelines and the specific results reported herein are particularly relevant to the rapid development of miniaturized electrospray chips holding hundreds, or even thousands, of emitters that are expected to reach market in the near future.

中文翻译：

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几何形状和材料对电喷雾发射器起始电压影响的数值研究

摘要 通过分析发射起始电压对关键发射器尺寸的依赖性，建立了在最小发射起始电压下工作的 2D 电喷雾发射器阵列的设计指南。对于不同的配置，静电场和产生的起始电压以数值方式确定。围绕发射器的介质的相对介电常数在 1 到 10 之间变化，以考虑两种类型的发射器：真空中的毛细管发射器和嵌入介电材料中的毛细管发射器。将单个电喷雾发射器的结果与分析模型的结果进行比较。数据中的趋势意味着当使用具有低相对介电常数的电介质、足够高的小直径发射器以避开设备周围特征的屏蔽时，起始电压最小，和一个小的提取器距离。然而，这些关系是复杂的，将详细讨论。该数据还与先前对发射器阵列的数值研究一致，表明发射器间距约为发射器高度的 2.5 倍时，屏蔽效果可以忽略不计。这些设计指南和本文报告的具体结果与小型化电喷雾芯片的快速发展特别相关，其中包含数百个甚至数千个预计在不久的将来上市的发射器。