Abstract We investigate and report the broadband flat near-infrared (NIR)/mid-infrared (MIR) emissions of Tm3+–Ho3+ co-doped, and Tm3+–Ho3+–Yb3+ tri-doped SiO2–ZnO–K2O–La2O3 zinc silicate glasses under excitation of 808 and 980 nm laser diode (LD). Broadband relatively flat MIR emissions of Tm3+–Ho3+ co-doped, and Tm3+–Ho3+–Yb3+ tri-doped with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of about 420, and 390 nm corresponding to commercial of 808, 980 nm LD excitations were identified. The role of Yb3+ in enhancing the intensity of the NIR/MIR emissions of Tm3+–Ho3+ co-doped, and Tm3+–Ho3+–Yb3+ tri-doped was also investigated. The GTm(λ), GHoλ) gain coefficient spectra of Tm3+ single-doped, and Ho3+ single-doped were determined respectively. Besides, the mechanisms for cross-relaxation (CR), energy transfer (ET), cooperative ET (CET) processes between Tm3+, Ho3+, and Yb3+ are proposed and discussed.

中文翻译：

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在 808 和 980 nm 激光二极管激发下，Tm3+–Ho3+ 共掺杂和 Tm3+–Ho3+–Yb3+ 三掺杂锌硅酸盐玻璃的宽带平坦近/中红外发射

摘要 我们研究并报告了 Tm3+–Ho3+ 共掺杂和 Tm3+–Ho3+–Yb3+ 三掺杂 SiO2–ZnO–K2O–La2O3 硅酸锌玻璃的宽带平坦近红外 (NIR)/中红外 (MIR) 发射。 808 和 980 nm 激光二极管 (LD) 的激发。Tm3+–Ho3+ 共掺杂和 Tm3+–Ho3+–Yb3+ 三掺杂的宽带相对平坦的中红外发射，半峰全宽 (FWHM) 约为 420，390 nm 对应于商用 808、980 nm LD激发被确定。还研究了 Yb3+ 在增强 Tm3+–Ho3+ 共掺杂和 Tm3+–Ho3+–Yb3+ 三掺杂的 NIR/MIR 发射强度中的作用。分别测定了Tm3+单掺杂和Ho3+单掺杂的GTm(λ)、GHoλ)增益系数谱。此外，Tm3+之间的交叉松弛（CR）、能量转移（ET）、协同ET（CET）过程的机制，