For the most part, stroke is a disease of old age. With the predicted increase in the aged population and longer life expectancies, the number and proportion of people living with stroke is expected to increase, especially among women and the elderly. For those who suffer stroke, there is a high likelihood of experiencing death and severe disability. Therefore, the issue of stroke amongst women (and men) is a key priority in global public health. In this review, we consider sex and gender differences in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, and we summarize data that outlines the epidemiology, risk factor, treatment recovery and prevention of stroke. We discuss possible mechanisms for the sex differences, specifically in areas of biology, medical management and social and behavioral context. With evidence showing that women and men experience stroke differently, sex must be taken into account when treating patients and when designing clinical trials.

中文翻译：

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中风中的性别问题：关于女性和男性差异的最新证据的回顾

在大多数情况下，中风是一种老年病。随着老年人口的增加和预期寿命的延长，中风患者的数量和比例预计会增加，尤其是女性和老年人。对于中风患者来说，死亡和严重残疾的可能性很高。因此，女性（和男性）的中风问题是全球公共卫生的一个关键优先事项。在本综述中，我们考虑了缺血性和出血性卒中的性别差异，并总结了概述卒中流行病学、危险因素、治疗恢复和预防的数据。我们讨论了性别差异的可能机制，特别是在生物学、医学管理以及社会和行为环境方面。